Introduction: IC engines and components of IC engine, Comparison of two stroke & four stroke engines,
Comparison between SI & CI engines, Valve and port timing diagram, Working cycles-otto, Diesel and dual
cycle, Problem solving, Testing and performance, Measurement of brake power, Measurement of friction
power, Requirement of cooling of the engine, Types of cooling.
Fuel: Fuel- structure & composition of IC engine fuel, Properties of SI and CI engine fuel, Fuel rating, Fuel
additives and non-petroleum fuels (alternative fuels). Fuel air requirement for ideal normal operation,
Maximum power & quick acceleration, Simple carburetor and its parts, Problem solving.
Fuel Injection System and Ignition: Petrol injection, Lucas petrol injection system, Electronic petrol
injection system, Requirements & type of diesel injection system, Fuel pump, Types of injectors, Ignition
system- requirements of ignition system, Battery and magneto ignition system, Ignition timing, Spark plug,
Spark advance mechanism, Comparison between conventional ignition system, Electronic ignition system,
Factors affecting energy requirement of ignition system.
Combustion: Stages of SI engine combustion, Effect of engine variables on ignition lag flame front
propagation, Abnormal combustion, Pre-ignition & detonation, Theory of detonation, Effect of engine
variables on detonation, Stages of CI engine combustion, Effect of engine variables on delay periods, Stages
of CI engine combustion, Effect of engine variables on delay periods.
Pollutant Emissions from IC Engines: Introduction to clean air, Pollutants from SI and CI engines,
Generation and controlling the formation of NO
X
, HC, CO, CO
2
, Smoke, Measurement of engine
emissions-
instrumentation, Pollution control strategies, Emission norms-EURO and Bharat stage norms, Effect of
emissions on environment and human beings.
Control Techniques for Reduction of Emission: Design modifications, Optimization of operating factors,
Fuel modification, Evaporative emission control, Exhaust gas recirculation, SCR–Fumigation, Secondary air
injection, PCV system, Particulate trap, Exhaust treatment in SI engines, Thermal reactors, Catalytic
converters, Catalysts, Use of unleaded petrol.
Recent Trends: Air assisted combustion, Homogeneous charge compression ignition engines, Variable
geometry turbochargers, Common rail direct injection systems, Hybrid electric vehicles, NO
x
absorbers,
Onboard diagnostics.