97
Passage 4
Read the following letter written by First Lady Abigail Adams.
Letter to Her Daughter from the New White House
By Abigail Adams
John and Abigail Adams were the first presidential couple to live in the White House. In the
letter, First Lady Adams describes the White House as unfinished and the city of Washington,
D.C., as still in development.
Washington, 21 November 1800
My Dear Child:
I arrived here on Sunday last, and without meeting with any accident worth noticing, except
losing ourselves when we left Baltimore and going eight or nine miles on the Frederick road, by
which means we were obliged to go the other eight through woods, where we wandered two
hours without finding a guide or the path. Fortunately, a straggling man came up with us, and
we engaged him as a guide to extricate us out of our difficulty; but woods are all you can see
from Baltimore until you reach the city, which is only so in name. Here and there is a small cot,
without a glass window, interspersed amongst the forests, through which you travel miles
without seeing any human being. In the city there are buildings enough, if they were compact
and finished, to accommodate Congress and those attached to it; but as they are, and scattered
as they are, I see no great comfort for them. The river, which runs up to Alexandria
1
, is in full
view of my window, and I see the vessels as they pass and repass. The house is upon a grand
and superb scale, requiring about thirty servants to attend and keep the apartments in proper
order, and perform the ordinary business of the house and stables; an establishment very well
proportioned to the President’s salary. The lighting of the apartments, from the kitchen to parlors
and chambers, is a tax indeed; and the fires we are obliged to keep to secure us from daily
agues
2
is another very cheering comfort. To assist us in this great castle, and render less
attendance necessary, bells are wholly wanting, not one single one being hung through the
whole house, and promises are all you can obtain. This is so great an inconvenience that I know
not what to do, or how to do. The ladies from Georgetown and in the city have many of them
visited me. Yesterday I returned fifteen visits—but such a place as Georgetown appears—why,
our Milton is beautiful. But no comparisons—if they will put me up some bells and let me have
wood enough to keep fires, I design to be pleased. I could content myself almost anywhere
three months; but surrounded with forests, can you believe that wood is not to be had because
people cannot be found to cut and cart it? Briesler entered into a contract with a man to supply
him with wood. A small part, a few cords only, has he been able to get. Most of that was
expended to dry the walls of the house before we came in, and yesterday the man told him it
was impossible for him to procure it to be cut and carted. He has had recourse to coals; but we
cannot get grates made and set. We have, indeed, come into a new country.
You must keep all this to yourself, and, when asked how I like it, say that I write you the
situation is beautiful, which is true. The house is made habitable, but there is not a single
_________
1
Alexandria—a city in northern Virginia
2
agues—chills or shivering