Table of Contents Page i
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Table of Contents
6. Outdoor Lighting ........................................................................................................... 1
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 1
What’s New for the 2019 California Energy Code? ..................................................... 1
6.2 Scope, Approach and Applications ....................................................................... 1
6.2.1 Outdoor Lighting Approach ................................................................................... 2
6.2.2 Trade-offs .............................................................................................................. 2
6.2.3 Outdoor Lighting Applications Not Regulated by §140.7 ....................................... 4
6.3 Outdoor Lighting Zones ......................................................................................... 4
6.3.1 Determining the Lighting Zone for an Outdoor Lighting Project ............................ 6
6.3.2 Lighting Zone Adjustments by Local Jurisdictions ................................................. 8
6.3.3 Lighting Zone Examples of Using Physical Boundaries ........................................ 9
6.4 Mandatory Requirements ...................................................................................... 9
6.4.1 Luminaire Cutoff Requirements ........................................................................... 10
6.4.2 Requirements of Outdoor Lighting Controls ........................................................ 13
6.4.3 Lighting Control Functionality .............................................................................. 17
6.5 Prescriptive Measures ......................................................................................... 18
6.5.1 Outdoor Lighting Power Compliance ................................................................... 18
6.5.2 General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance ................................................... 20
6.5.3 Additional Light Power Allowances and Requirements, by Application ............. 29
6.5.4 Further Discussion about Additional Lighting Power Allowance for Specific
Applications ...................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................... 35
6.6 Alterations and Additions for Outdoor Lighting ........................................................ 44
6.6.1 Outdoor Lighting Alterations – With an Increase of Lighting Loads .................. 45
6.6.2 Outdoor Lighting Alterations – With no Increase of Lighting Loads, and small
changes to existing luminaires ................................................................................... 45
6.6.3 Outdoor Lighting Alterations – With no Increase of Lighting Loads, and sizable
changes to existing luminaires ................................................................................... 46
6.6.4 Outdoor Lighting Alterations – With no Increase of Lighting Loads, and other
small changes to existing luminaires ......................................................................... 47
6.6.5 Outdoor Lighting Additions– Mandatory and Lighting Power Requirements ..... 47
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
6.6.6 Outdoor Lighting Additions and Alterations– More Examples .......................... 48
6.7 Outdoor Lighting Compliance Documents and Acceptance Tests .......................... 50
6.7.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 50
6.7.2 Compliance Documentation and Numbering Scheme ...................................... 50
6.7.3 Certificate of Installation Documents ................................................................ 51
6.7.4 Certificate of Acceptance ................................................................................. 51
6.7.5 Acceptance Tests ............................................................................................. 52
Outdoor Lighting – Overview Page 6-1
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
6. Outdoor Lighting
This chapter covers the requirements for nonresidential outdoor lighting systems for
compliance to Title 24 California Code of Regulations, Part 6 (California Energy
Code, or the Energy Standards) and it is related to lighting design and installation,
luminaires and lighting controls.
It is addressed primarily to lighting designers, electrical engineers, installers,
manufacturers and building officials responsible for lighting.
Chapter 5 addresses nonresidential indoor lighting requirements and covers lighting
in parking garages.
Chapter 7 addresses sign lighting requirements.
6.1 Overview
What’s New for the 2019 California Energy Code
The significant changes for outdoor lighting systems in the 2019 update to the
Energy Standards include:
• Changes to outdoor lighting power allowances with the allowance values based
on LED lighting technologies. Revisions to the general hardscape lighting values
in Tables 140.7-A and the specific lighting application values in Table 140.7-B
for all Lighting Zones (LZ) – Lighting Zone 1 thru Lighting Zone 4.
• Add separate lighting power allowance values for concrete-surfaced and for
asphalt-surfaced hardscape lighting application in Table 140.7-A.
• Add new lighting power allowances for narrow band spectrum light sources used
in applications for minimizing outdoor lighting impacts on professional
astronomy and nocturnal habitat. (Table 140.7-A)
• Revision and streamlining outdoor lighting control requirements. (§130.2(c))
• Healthcare facilities overseen by the California Office of Statewide Health
Planning and Development (OSHPD) have to comply with the Energy Standards
including the outdoor lighting requirements for all outdoor areas of healthcare
facilities.
6.2 Scope, Approach and Applications
This chapter applies to all outdoor lighting, whether attached to buildings, poles,
structures or self-supporting- including but not limited to: lighting for hardscape
areas such as parking lots, lighting for building entrances; lighting for all outdoor
sales areas; and lighting for building facades.
The outdoor lighting part of the Energy Standards sets minimum control
requirements, maximum allowable power levels, minimum efficacy requirements,
and cutoff (uplight and glare) zonal lumen limits for outdoor luminaires.
Page 6-2 Outdoor Lighting – Outdoor Lighting Approach
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The Energy Standards only permit one type of trade-offs on outdoor lighting power.
Refers to Section 6.2.2.1 for details.
All Section (§) and Table references in this Chapter refer to sections and Tables
contained in the Energy Standards or California Energy Code.
6.2.1 Outdoor Lighting Approach
Outdoor lighting power densities are structured using a layered lighting approach.
With the layered approach, the first layer of allowed lighting power is general
hardscape for the entire site. After the allowed lighting power has been determined
for this first layer, additional layers of lighting power are allowed for specific
applications when they occur on the site. For example, the total allowed power for a
sales lot with frontage is determined by layering the General Hardscape, Outdoor
Sales Lot and Outdoor Sales Lot Frontage allowances, with specific restrictions
associated with the location of the power used for frontage and sales lot lighting.
Figure 6-1: Concept of a layered lighting approach for outdoor lighting - Lighting Power
Allowance (LPA)
The outdoor lighting applications that are addressed by the Energy Standards are
shown in the first two columns of Table 6-1. The first column is general site
illumination applications, which allow trade-offs within the outdoor portion only. The
second column is specific outdoor lighting applications, which do not allow trade-
offs, and are considered “use it or lose it”. The lighting applications in the third
column are not regulated. The Energy Standards include control requirements as
well as limits on installed lighting power.
6.2.2 Trade-offs
The Energy Standards do not allow trade-offs between outdoor lighting power
allowances and indoor lighting, sign lighting, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
(HVAC) system, building envelope, or water heating [(§140.7(a)].
General Hardscape LPA – Initial Allowance
General Hardscape LPA – Area
General Hardscape LPA – Perimeter
Additional Lighting Power Allowance (LPA)
for Specific applications
Outdoor Lighting – Trade-offs Page 6-3
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
There is only one type of trade-off permitted for outdoor lighting power. Allowed
lighting power determined according to §140.7(d)1 for general hardscape lighting
may be traded to specific applications in §140.7(d)2, provided the luminaires used to
determine the illuminated area are installed as designed. This means that if
luminaires used to determine the total illuminated area are removed from the design,
resulting in a smaller illuminated area, then the general hardscape lighting power
allowance must also be reduced accordingly.
Allowed lighting power for specific applications shall not be traded between specific
applications, or to hardscape lighting in §140.7(d)1. This means that for each and
every specific application, the allowed lighting power is the smaller of the allowed
power determined for that specific application according to §140.7(d)2, or the actual
installed lighting power that is used in that specific application. These additional
power allowances are “use it or lose it” allowances.
Table 6-1: Scope of the Outdoor Lighting Requirements
Lighting Applications
Covered
General Hardscape
(trade-offs permitted)
Lighting Applications
Covered
Specific Applications
(trade-offs not permitted)
Lighting Applications
Not Regulated
(only as detailed in §140.7)
The general hardscape area of
a site shall include parking
lot(s), roadway(s), driveway(s),
sidewalk(s), walkway(s),
bikeway(s), plaza(s), bridge(s),
tunnel(s) and other improved
area(s) that are illuminated.
Canopies: Sales and Non-sales
Tunnels
Drive-Up Windows
Emergency Vehicle Facilities
Building Entrances or Exits
Building Facades
Guard Stations
Hardscape Ornamental Lighting
Outdoor Dining
Primary Entrances for Senior
Care Facilities, Police Stations,
Healthcare Facilities, Fire
Stations, and Emergency
Vehicle Facilities
Outdoor Sales Frontage and
Lots
Special Security Lighting for
Retail Parking and Pedestrian
Hardscape
Student Pick-up/Drop-off zone
Vehicle Service Station:
Canopies, Hardscape, and
Uncovered Fuel Dispenser
ATM Machine Lighting
Temporary outdoor lighting
Required and regulated by
FAA
Required and regulated by the
Coast Guard.
For public streets, roadways,
highways, and traffic signage
lighting, and occurring in the
public right-of-way
For sports and athletic fields,
and children’s playground
For industrial sites
For public monuments
Signs regulated by §130.3 and
§140.8
For stairs and wheelchair
elevator lifts
For ramps that are not parking
garage ramps
Landscape lighting
For themes and special effects
in theme parks
For outdoor theatrical and
other outdoor live
performances
For qualified historic buildings
Other outdoor lighting applications that are not included in Energy Standards Tables 140.7-A or
140.7-B are assumed to be not regulated by these Standards. This includes decorative gas lighting
and emergency lighting powered by an emergency source as defined by the California Electrical
Page 6-4 Outdoor Lighting – Outdoor Lighting Applications Not Regulated by §140.7
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Code. The text in the above list of lighting applications that are not regulated has been shortened for
brevity. Please see Section 6.2.2.2 for details about unregulated lighting applications.
6.2.3 Outdoor Lighting Applications Not Regulated by §140.7
When a luminaire is installed only to illuminate one or more of the following
applications, the lighting power for that luminaire shall be exempt from §140.7(a).
Refers to the rightmost column of Table 6-1 for a quick reference to the lighting
applications that are exempted. Also, the Energy Standards clarify that at least 50
percent of the light from the luminaire must fall within an application in order to
qualify as being installed for that application.
6.3 Outdoor Lighting Zones
The basic premise of the Energy Standards is to base allowable outdoor lighting
power on the brightness of the surrounding conditions. The Energy Standards
contain lighting power allowances for new lighting installations and specific
alterations that are dependent on the lighting zone in which the project is located.
Five categories of outdoor lighting zones are defined, and they are LZ0, LZ1, LZ2,
LZ3 and LZ4. Lighting zones with lower numbers are darker from LZ0 which is in
national parks and other areas intended to be very dark at night to LZ4 for high
intensity nighttime use, such as entertainment or commercial districts or areas with
special security considerations requiring very high light levels. The eyes adapt to
darker surrounding conditions and less light is required to properly see; when the
surrounding conditions get brighter, more light is needed to see. Providing greater
power than is needed potentially leads to debilitating glare and an increasing spiral
of brightness as over-bright projects populate surrounding conditions causing future
projects to unnecessarily require greater power resulting in wasted energy. The least
power is allowed in Lighting Zone 1 and increasingly more power is allowed in
Lighting Zones 2, 3, and 4. Lighting Zone 0 is intended for undeveloped spaces in
parks and wildlife preserves and is very low ambient illumination.
The following summarizes the default locations for outdoor lighting zones as
specified in §10-114:
• Lighting Zone 0 areas are undeveloped areas of government designated
parks, recreation areas, and wildlife preserves;
• Lighting Zone 1 areas are developed portions of government designated
parks, recreation areas and wildlife preserves;
• Rural areas are Lighting Zone 2;
• Urban areas are Lighting Zone 3;
• Lighting Zone 4 is a special use district that may be created by a local
government through application to the Energy Commission.
Details of the options allowed under §10-114 are as follows:
Outdoor Lighting – Outdoor Lighting Zones Page 6-5
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A. Parks, Recreation Areas and Wildlife Preserves
The default for undeveloped portions of government designated parks, recreation
areas, and wildlife preserves is Lighting Zone 0.
The default for developed portions of government designated parks, recreation
areas, and wildlife preserves is Lighting Zone 1.
The local jurisdiction having authority over the property will know if the property is
a government designated park, recreation area, or wildlife preserve. However, a
Lighting Zone 2 designation can be adopted if the area is surrounded by rural
areas (as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau). Similarly, when a park, recreation
area, wildlife preserve, or portions thereof, are surrounded by urban areas (as
defined by the U.S. Census Bureau), such areas may be designated as Lighting
Zone 3 by adoption of the local jurisdiction. All adjustments in lighting zone
designation must be reviewed by the CEC for approval.
B. Rural Areas
The default for rural areas as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau is Lighting Zone
2. However, local jurisdictions may designate certain areas as either Lighting Zone
3 or Lighting Zone 4 if it is determined that ambient lighting levels are higher than
typical for a rural area. Examples of areas that might be designated Lighting Zone
3 are special commercial districts or areas with special security considerations. All
adjustments in lighting zone designation must be reviewed by the CEC for
approval.
Local jurisdictions also may designate default Lighting Zone 2 areas as Lighting
Zone 1, which would establish lower lighting power for outdoor areas with lower
surrounding brightness. An example of an area that might be changed to Lighting
Zone 1 would include an underdeveloped, environmentally sensitive or
predominately residential area within a default Lighting Zone 2 area.
C. Urban Areas
Lighting Zone 3 is the default for urban areas, as defined by the U.S. Census
Bureau. Local jurisdictions may designate areas as Lighting Zone 4 for high
intensity nighttime use, such as entertainment, commercial districts, or areas with
special security considerations requiring very high light levels. All adjustments in
lighting zone designation must be reviewed by the CEC for approval.
Local jurisdictions also may designate areas as Lighting Zone 2 or even Lighting
Zone 1 if deemed appropriate.
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Table 6-2: Lighting Zone Characteristics and Rules for Amendments by Local Jurisdictions
Zone
Ambient
Illumination
Moving Up to Higher
Zones
Moving Down to
Lower Zones
LZ0
Very Low
Undeveloped areas of
government designated
parks, recreation areas,
and wildlife preserves
can be designated as
LZ1 or LZ2 if they are
contained within such a
zone.
Not applicable
LZ1
Low
Developed portion of a
government designated
park, recreation area, or
wildlife preserve, can be
designated as LZ2 or
LZ3 if they are
contained within such a
zone.
Not applicable.
LZ2
Moderate
Special districts within a
default LZ2 zone may
be designated as LZ3 or
LZ4 by a local
jurisdiction. Examples
include special
commercial districts or
areas with special
security considerations
located within a rural
area.
Special districts and
government
designated parks
within a default LZ2
zone maybe
designated as LZ1 by
the local jurisdiction
for lower illumination
standards, without
any size limits.
LZ3
Moderately
High
Special districts within a
default LZ3 may be
designated as a LZ4 by
local jurisdiction for high
intensity nighttime use,
such as entertainment
or commercial districts
or areas with special
security considerations
requiring very high light
levels.
Special districts and
government
designated parks
within a default LZ3
zone may be
designated as LZ1 or
LZ2 by the local
jurisdiction, without
any size limits.
LZ4
High
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Energy Standards Table 10-114-A
6.3.1 Determining the Lighting Zone for an Outdoor Lighting
Project
Permit applicants may determine the lighting zone for a particular property using the
following steps:
Outdoor Lighting – Determining the Lighting Zone for an Outdoor Lighting Project Page 6-7
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
• Local jurisdiction – Check with the local jurisdiction having authority over
permitting of the property. The local jurisdiction will know if the property is a
government designated park, recreation area, or wildlife preserve, and
therefore in default Lighting Zone 0 or 1. The local jurisdiction also may know if
the property is contained within the physical boundaries of a lighting zone for
which a locally-adopted change has been made. However, verify through the
CEC website whether or not a locally adopted change has been submitted to
the Commission.
U.S. Census – The outdoor lighting zones of urban and rural areas as well as the
legal boundaries of wilderness and park areas are based on the 2010 U.S. Census
Bureau boundaries.
• Look at the U.S. Census website to determine if the property is within a rural
(statewide default Lighting Zone 2) or urban (statewide default Lighting Zone 3)
census block.
o According to the US Census Bureau, there are two types of urban
designations, Urbanized Areas (UAs) of 50,000 or more people and Urban
Clusters (UCs) of at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people.
Furthermore, “Rural” encompasses all population, housing, and territory
not included within an urban area.
o There is an address search tool provided by the US Census Bureau. Enter
the address to look up geography results indicating whether the entered
address is urban or rural (under geography type).
(http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?ref=a
ddr&refresh=t)
o A ‘Geography Results’ window will display a number of geographies within
which the address is located. If you are in an urban area, one of the
results will designate this; otherwise you are in a rural geography.
• Energy Commission website – Check CEC website to determine if the property
is contained within the physical boundaries of a lighting zone that has been
changed through a local jurisdiction adoption process.
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Figure 6-2: Example of US Census Bureau Information
6.3.2 Lighting Zone Adjustments by Local Jurisdictions
§10-114
Energy Standards Table 10-114-A
The CEC sets statewide default lighting zones. However, jurisdictions (usually a city
or county), may change the zones to accommodate local conditions. Local
governments may designate a portion of Lighting Zones 2 or 3 as Lighting Zone 3 or
4. The local jurisdiction also may designate a portion of Lighting Zone 3 to Lighting
Zone 2 or even Lighting Zone 1. When a local jurisdiction adopts changes to the
lighting zone boundaries, it must follow a public process that allows for formal public
notification, review, and comment about the proposed change. The local jurisdiction
also must provide the CEC with detailed information about the new lighting zone
boundaries and submit a justification that the new lighting zones are consistent with
the specifications in §10-114.
The CEC has the authority to disallow lighting zone changes if it finds the changes
to be inconsistent with the specification of §10-114 including Table 10-114-A.
Outdoor Lighting – Lighting Zone Examples of Using Physical Boundaries Page 6-9
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6.3.3 Lighting Zone Examples of Using Physical Boundaries
Using metes and bounds is a good method to use for defining the physical
boundaries of an adopted lighting zone.
Metes and bounds is a system that uses physical features of the local geography,
along with directions and distances, to define and describe the boundaries of a
parcel of land. The boundaries are described in a running prose style, working
around the parcel of the land in sequence, from a beginning point and returning back
to the same point. The term “metes” refers to a boundary defined by the
measurement of each straight run, specified by a distance between the terminal
points, and an orientation or direction. The term “bounds” refers to a more general
boundary description, such as along a certain watercourse or public roadway.
The following examples use metes and bounds to define the physical boundaries of
an adopted lighting zone:
• Properties with frontage on Kennedy Memorial Expressway, between First
Avenue and Main Street to a depth of 50 ft. from each frontage property line.
• The area 500 ft. east of Interstate 5, from 500 ft. north of Loomis Ave to 250 ft.
south of Winding Way.
• The area of the Sunrise Bike Trail starting at Colfax Avenue and going east to
Maple Park, the width of a path which is from the edge of the South Fork of the
American River on one side, to 100 ft. beyond the paved bike trail, or to private
property lines, whichever is shorter, on the other side.
• The area that is bounded by the Truckee River on the West, Grizzly Lane on
the south, Caddis Road on the east, and the boundary of Placer County on the
north.
Note: The physical boundaries of a changed lighting zone are not required to
coincide with the physical boundaries of a census tract.
Example 6-1 Changing the Default Lighting Zone
Question
I want to have the default outdoor lighting zone for a particular piece of property changed. How do I
accomplish that?
Answer
Check with the local jurisdiction having authority over the property and ask them how to petition to have the
default outdoor lighting zone officially adjusted.
6.4 Mandatory Requirements
The mandatory features and devices must be included in all outdoor lighting projects
when they are applicable. Mandatory requirements for outdoor lighting are specified
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in §110.9, §130.0, and §130.2. These are similar to the mandatory requirements for
indoor lighting.
Even if the design has errors and has specified incorrect features and devices, the
installer is responsible to meet all of the applicable requirements that he or she
installs. The installer is also required to sign the appropriate Installation Certificate to
verify correct installation. The Certificate of Acceptance document for outdoor
lighting controls shall also be submitted to the local enforcement agency to prove the
installed outdoor lighting controls pass the acceptance test.
6.4.1 Luminaire Cutoff Requirements
§130.2(b)
The 2019 Standards include a new threshold metric based on initial luminaire lumens for the
BUG rating requirement. All outdoor luminaires that emit 6,200 lumens or greater must
comply with Backlight, Uplight, and Glare ("BUG") requirements contained in Section
5.106.8 of the CalGreen Code (Title 24, Part 11).
The BUG ratings assume that the light emitted from the luminaire is providing useful
illuminance on the task surfaces rather than scattering the light in areas where the
light is not needed or intended, such as toward the sky. These BUG ratings also
increase visibility because high amounts of light shining directly into observer’s eyes
are reduced, thus decreasing glare. Additionally, light pollution into neighbors’
properties is reduced. The BUG requirements vary by outdoor lighting zones and
outdoor lighting zones are described in Section 6.2.2.
Luminaire manufacturers are aware of the technical details of the BUG ratings and
can typically provide to designers and contractors the BUG ratings for their
luminaires. In the rare occasions where the luminaire manufacturer cannot provide
the BUG rating, the BUG rating of the luminaire can be calculated with outdoor
lighting software if the luminaire photometric data is available.
Luminaires are exempted from the BUG rating requirements for the following
applications as these applications are desirable to project light sideways or upwards.
• Signs
• Lighting for building facades, public monuments, statues, and vertical surfaces
of bridges
• Lighting required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation that
may fail to meet the uplight and glare limits due to application limitations
• Temporary outdoor lighting that does not persist beyond 60 consecutive days
or more than 120 days per year.
• Replacement of existing pole mounted luminaires that are spaced more than 6
times the mounting height of the existing luminaires and the replacement
luminaire wattage is less than the wattage of the original luminaires. In addition:
o Where the existing luminaire does not meet the luminaire uplight and glare
zonal lumen limits.
Outdoor Lighting – Luminaire Cutoff Requirements Page 6-11
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
o Where no additional poles are being added to the site.
o Where new wiring to the luminaires is not being installed.
• Luminaires that are intended to light the right of way on publicly maintained
roads, sidewalks, or bikeways.
Example 6-2 Luminaire Classification for Outdoor Luminaires
Question
What is the IES BUG system for outdoor luminaires?
Answer
Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) published the technical memorandum ’Luminaire Classification for
Outdoor Luminaires’ in 2011 (TM-15-11). This document defines three-dimensional regions of analysis for
exterior luminaires and further establishes zonal lumen limits for these regions as part of a larger method of
categorizing outdoor lighting equipment into Backlight, Uplight, and Glare components. Collectively, the
three components are referred to as the BUG system.
Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires as defined in IES TM-15-11
Page 6-12 Outdoor Lighting – Luminaire Cutoff Requirements
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Image Credit: From ANSI/IES RP-8-14 Roadway Lighting with permission from the Illuminating Engineering
Society
The zonal lumen limits per secondary solid angles for uplight and glare are based upon the methodology
found in TM-15. The lighting zone that the project is located in determines the maximum zonal lumens for
both uplight and glare. There are no separate zonal lumen limits for the Backlight component in the Energy
Standards, regardless of the lighting zone. This component is intended for property boundary conditions
and is intended to help determine the suitability of specific products to mitigate light trespass and is
therefore outside the prevue of Title 24.
To comply with this mandatory measure, the luminaire must not exceed the maximum zonal lumen limits for
each secondary solid angle region (within both the Uplight and Glare component) per lighting zone. The
zonal lumen values in a photometric test report must include any tilt or other non-level mounting condition of
the installed luminaire.
The BUG rating for luminaires may be determined with outdoor lighting software or by contacting the
manufacturer. There is also software available to produce a BUG rating for a tilted luminaire condition
(which is not a typical circumstance for most applications). Since the California BUG limits and calculation
procedures match the IES, no deviation from the IES BUG rating is necessary.
Example 6-3 Wallpacks and Zonal Lumen Limits
Question
A new parking lot adjacent to a building is being designed to be illuminated by wall packs rated at 7,000
initial luminaire lumens. The wall packs are mounted on the side of the building and their main purpose is
for parking lot illumination. But they are also illuminating the façade of the building. Do these wall packs
have to meet the backlight, uplight and glare (BUG) rating limits?
Answer
Yes, these 7000-lumen wall packs will have to meet the BUG rating requirements because their main
purpose is for parking lot illumination. Luminaire mounting methods or locations do not necessarily
determine the purpose of the illumination. Define the function of the luminaire by determining what the
majority of the light is striking. In the case a typical wallpack, 80% or more of the light is likely striking the
parking lot or sidewalk in front of the building, and only 20% or less on the façade, so BUG rating will be
required for verification of the zonal limits.
Each luminaire must be appropriately assigned to the function area that it is illuminating, whether it is
mounted to a pole, building, or other structure. Only luminaires that are rated less than 6,200 initial
luminaire lumens are not required to meet the Backlight, Uplight and Glare (BUG) requirements in the
Energy Standards.
Example 6-4 Tilted Luminaires meeting the BUG Requirements
Question
If a low BUG rating luminaire is mounted at a tilt does it still meet the BUG requirements?
Answer
It depends. Luminaires that meet the zonal lumen limits when mounted at 90° to nadir may or may not
comply with the BUG rating limits when they are mounted at a tilt.
In order for a tilted luminaire to meet this requirement a photometric test report must be provided showing
that the luminaire meets the zonal lumen limits at the proposed tilt. There are lighting design software
available to produce a BUG rating for a tilted luminaire, or this can be provided by the manufacturer.
Outdoor Lighting – Requirements for Outdoor Lighting Controls Page 6-13
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Example 6-5 Defining the Property Line for the Purpose of BUG Rating Compliance
Question
Where is the property line if the area under construction is located next to a public road?
Answer
For property line that abuts a public roadway or transit corridor, the property line may be considered to be
the centerline of the public roadway or transit corridor.
For property lines about public walkways, bikeways, plazas and parking lots, the property line may be
considered to be 5 feet beyond the actual property line.
Example 6-6 Mounting Height from the Property Line
Question
How are the BUG rating of a luminaire determined by mounting height from the property line?
Answer
If the luminaire is mounted more than 2 mounting heights away from the property line, then there is no limit
on the backlight rating. Otherwise, for locations less than 2 mounting height away, the luminaire must meet
backlight ratings listed in Table 5.106.8 (N).
For instance, a 6,600-lumen parking lot luminaire rated with a B2-U0-G1 BUG rating is installed on a 20-
foot pole. If this luminaire is located 2 mounting heights (40 feet) away from the closest property line, it is
acceptable for use in a lighting zone 2 (LZ2) or higher lighting zone (LZ3 or higher) location.
The luminaire lumen output and BUG ratings can be obtained from the manufacturer or may be calculated
from photometric data.
6.4.2 Requirements for Outdoor Lighting Controls
§130.2(c)
The primary requirements for outdoor lighting controls are as follows:
1. Lights Off During Daytime: All outdoor lights shall be automatically
controlled so that lights are turned off when daylight is available. [§130.2(c)1]
2. Scheduling Controls: All outdoor lights shall be automatically controlled by a
time-based scheduling controls. [§130.2(c)2]
3. Motion Sensing Controls: Outdoor luminaires greater than 40 watts and
mounted less than 24 ft. and above the ground shall be motion controlled, so
that the lighting power of each luminaire shall be automatically reduced by at
least 50 percent. This applies to luminaires providing general hardscape
lighting, outdoor sales lot lighting, vehicle service station hardscape lighting,
or vehicle service station canopy lighting. [§130.2(c)2]
Exceptions to all outdoor lighting controls. All lighting control requirements do
not apply to any of the following lighting applications:
1. Lighting where a health or life safety status, ordinance, or regulation prohibits
outdoor lighting to be turned OFF or reduced.
2. Lighting in tunnels required to be illuminated 24 hours per day and 365 days
per year.
Page 6-14 Outdoor Lighting – Requirements for Outdoor Lighting Controls
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Example 6-7 Circuiting of Non-outdoor Lighting Load
Question
Can irrigation controllers be on the same power circuit as lighting?
Answer
Maybe, it depends.
If there is any outdoor lighting load on the same power circuit, the outdoor lighting load must be
independently controlled from all other non-outdoor lighting loads.
More information of each lighting controls are laid out in the following
sections.
A. Daylight Availability
§130.2(c) 1
All installed outdoor lighting must be controlled by a photocontrol, astronomical
time-switch control, or other controls that automatically turns off the outdoor
lighting when daylight is available.
• A photocontrol measures the amount of ambient light outdoor and when the
light level outside is high enough to indicate it is daytime, the control turns the
lights off.
• Astronomical time clocks require an initial setup of the time clock device and
the setup may include the entry of the current date and time (and time zone),
site location (by longitude and latitude) and others (daylight saving time). The
clock calculates sunrise and sunset times (which vary by factors such as day
of the year), turns the lights off near sunrise and keeps them off until sunset.
• A part-night outdoor lighting control has a light sensor and a timing
mechanism to control lights relative to measured sunrise and sunset times.
The appropriate product of astronomical time clocks or part-night outdoor
lighting controls can be used for both daylight availability and scheduling
control.
B. Automatic Scheduling Controls
§130.2(c) 2
All installed outdoor lighting shall be controlled by an automatic scheduling control
that reduces lighting power according to a schedule.
Further, automatic scheduling controls are required to have the capability of
programming at least two nighttime periods (a scheduled occupied period and a
scheduled unoccupied period) with different light levels (lighting power of 40 to 90
percent from full power) if desirable by the building design and operation. More
than two nighttime periods are allowed for a building, as desirable for its activities
or operations.
Outdoor Lighting – Requirements for Outdoor Lighting Controls Page 6-15
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
For the scheduled unoccupied period, the scheduling controls shall have the
capability of reducing power between 50 percent and 90 percent and can also turn
the lights off. Automatic scheduling controls are flexible to suit changes in building
activities. If new actives warrant different operation schedules or different amounts
of light is needed for the period, the building operator can adjust the settings of the
automatic scheduling controls. The intent is to require the automatic scheduling
controls to be capable of providing different amounts of outdoor lighting depending
upon time of night. This also provides the capability to reduce lighting power when
the outdoor space is not occupied or in use.
There are applications in which there are benefits to employ both motion sensing
controls and automatic scheduling controls. It is the intent to allow both types for
meeting the outdoor lighting control requirements. See example below.
Example 6-8 Using Automatic Scheduling Controls Plus Some Other Controls
Question
Can motion sensing controls be used together with automatic scheduling controls?
Answer
Some applications require the installation of motion controls. For these applications, automatic scheduling
controls are required in addition of motion sensing controls. During the occupied period, motion sensing
controls can detect vacancy of an outdoor space and the controls can reduce the lights to a reduced state,
per the initial setup.
Example 6-9 Using Automatic Scheduling Controls for Buildings of 24x7 operation
Question
Is the automatic scheduling control requirement applicable to a building occupied 24 hours per day, seven
days per week?
Answer
Yes, automatic scheduling controls are required for buildings that are occupied 24 hours per day, seven
days per week.
Business activities can change over time as business models and hours of operation evolve. The required
nighttime periods of a scheduled occupied period and a scheduled unoccupied period are decided by the
building owner or the building operator, as appropriate, to suit the business needs.
Acceptance Tests Required for Automatic Scheduling Controls
Outdoor automatic scheduling controls are required to have acceptance test
conducted to confirm the appropriate schedules are programmed and controls
have been enabled. The acceptance test procedures are detailed in Reference
Nonresidential Appendix NA7.8.7 and NA7.8.8. Refer to Section 6.6.5 of this
manual for details about outdoor lighting controls acceptance test.
Page 6-16 Outdoor Lighting – Requirements for Outdoor Lighting Controls
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
C. Motion Sensing Controls
§130.2(c) 3
Outdoor luminaires greater than 40 watts, where the bottom of the luminaire is
mounted 24 ft. or less above the ground, shall be operated with motion sensing
controls if they are used in the following applications:
1. General hardscape lighting including parking lot lighting
2. Vehicle service station hardscape lighting and canopy lighting
3. Wall pack lighting installed for building façade, ornamental hardscape, or
outdoor dining lighting
The motion sensing controls shall:
1. Be capable of reducing the lighting power of each luminaire by at least 50
percent and no more than 90 percent, and separately be capable of turning
the luminaire off during unoccupied periods.
2. Be capable of reducing the lighting to the dim or off state within 15 minutes of
vacancy detection and turning the lighting back on upon occupancy.
3. Control no more than 1,500 watts of lighting power by a single sensor.
Exceptions to All Motion Sensing Control Requirements
The motion control requirements do not apply to applications listed as exceptions
to Section 140.7(a). These applications exempted from the motion controls
requirements of Section 130.2(c)3 when more than 50 percent of the light fails in
the application. The applications include temporary outdoor lighting, lighting for
public roadways, and lighting for public monuments – the complete listing can be
found in Section 140.7(a). A short version of the listing is also provided on the
rightmost column of Table 6-1.
In addition, luminaires serving the following applications are not required to have
motion sensing controls:
1. Lighting for Outdoor Sales Frontage, Building Facades, Ornamental
Hardscape and Outdoor Dining;
2. Luminaires rated 40 watts or less;
3. Lighting subject to health or life safety statute, ordinance or regulation may
have a minimum time-out period longer than 15 minutes or a minimum
dimming level above 50 percent.
Acceptance Tests Required for Motion Sensing Controls
Motion sensing controls are required to have an acceptance test conducted to
confirm the sensor can sense activity within the detection zone and turn the lights
to their occupied lighting power levels within the timeout period. The acceptance
test procedures are detailed in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.8.1 and
NA7.8.2. Refer to Section 6.6.5 of this manual for details about outdoor lighting
controls acceptance test.
Outdoor Lighting – Page 6-17
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
6.4.3 Lighting Control Functionality
§110.9(b)
All installed lighting controls listed in §110.9(b) shall comply with the requirements
listed below. In addition, all components of the system considered together as
installed shall meet all applicable requirements for the application for which they are
installed as required in §130.0 through §130.5, §140.6 through §140.8, §141.0, and
§150.0(k).
Designers and installers are advised to review features of their specified lighting
control products for meeting the requirements of Section 110.9(b) as part of the
code compliance process.
A. Time-Switch Lighting Controls
Time-switch lighting control products shall provide the functionality listed in
Section 110.9(b)1 of the Energy Code.
B. Daylighting Controls
Daylighting control products shall provide the functionality listed in Section
110.9(b)2 of the Energy Code.
C. Dimmer
Dimmer products shall provide the functionality listed in Section 110.9(b)3 of
the Energy Code.
D. Occupant Sensing Controls
Occupant sensing control products (including occupant sensors, partial-ON
occupant sensors, partial-OFF occupant sensors, motion sensors, and vacancy
sensor controls) shall provide the functionality listed in Section 110.9(b)4 of the
Energy Code.
One important functionality is the capability to automatically turn lights either off
or down within 20 minutes after the area has been vacated.
EXCEPTION to the requirement: Occupant Sensing Control systems may
consist of a combination of single or multi-level Occupant, Motion, or Vacancy
Sensor Controls, provided that components installed to comply with manual-on
requirements shall not be capable of conversion by occupants from manual-on
to automatic-on functionality.
E. Part-Night Outdoor Lighting Controls
Part-night outdoor lighting control products shall provide the functionality listed
in Section 110.9(b)5 of the Energy Code.
Example 6-10 Manufacturer Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the responsibility of the manufacturer with regard to using lighting control products that are certified
by the CEC and listed in the Commission’s directories?
Page 6-18 Outdoor Lighting – Prescriptive Measures
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Answer
It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to certify its lighting control products as required by the applicable
California Appliance Efficiency Standards (also known as Title 20 Standards). The approved products will
be listed in the CEC’s directories or in an appliance efficiency database.
Example 6-11 Designer Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the responsibility of the designer with regard to using lighting control products that are certified by
the CEC and listed in the Commission’s directories?
Answer
It is the responsibility of the designer to specify only lighting control products that have been certified and
listed in Energy Commission directories.
Example 6-12 Installer Responsibility for Certified Controls
Question
What is the responsibility of the installer with regard to using lighting control products that are certified by
the CEC and listed in the Commission’s directories?
Answer
It is the responsibility of the installer to only install lighting control products that are certified by the CEC and
listed in the Commission’s directories. It is also the responsibility of the installer to sign the Installation
Certificate.
6.5 Prescriptive Measures
6.5.1 Outdoor Lighting Power Compliance
An outdoor lighting installation complies with the Energy Standards if the actual
outdoor lighting power is no greater than the allowed outdoor lighting power. This
section describes the procedures and methods for complying with §140.7.
The area of the lighting application must be defined exclusive of any areas on the
site that are not illuminated.
The allowed lighting power is determined by measuring the area or length of the
lighting application and multiplying this area (in W/ sq. ft.) or length (in W/sq. ft. by
the Lighting Power Allowance (in W) to arrive the allowed lighting power. The
allowed lighting power must be calculated for the general hardscape lighting of the
site and for specific applications if desired. (See §140.7(d))
The allowed outdoor lighting power is calculated by lighting zone as defined in §10-
114. Local governments may amend lighting zones in compliance with §10-114. See
Section 6.4.1 for more information about amending outdoor ordinances by local
jurisdictions.
The actual power of outdoor lighting is the total watts of all of the non-exempt
lighting systems (including ballast, driver or transformer loss) (See §140.7(c)).
Outdoor Lighting – Outdoor Lighting Power Compliance Page 6-19
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
A. Maximum Outdoor Lighting Power
The Energy Standards establish maximum outdoor lighting power that can be
installed. The allowed outdoor lighting power must be determined according to the
outdoor lighting zone in which the site is located. See Section 6.4.1 for more
information about outdoor lighting zones.
The wattage of outdoor luminaires must be determined in accordance with §130.0(c)
or Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA8. See Section 5.3 for more information
about determining luminaire wattage.
The total allowed lighting power is the combined total of all of the allowed lighting
power layers. There are lighting power allowances for general hardscape lighting
and lighting power allowances for specific applications. An outdoor lighting
installation complies with the lighting power requirements if the actual outdoor
lighting power installed is no greater than the allowed outdoor lighting power
calculated under §140.7(d) and complies with certain stipulations associated with
specific special application allowances. The allowed lighting power shall be the
combined total of the sum of the general hardscape lighting allowance determined in
accordance with §140.7(d)1, and the sum of the additional lighting power allowance
for specific applications determined in accordance with §140.7(d)2.
See Section 6.4.3 for a detailed explanation in determining the total allowed lighting
power.
B. Illuminated Area
With indoor lighting applications, the entire floor area is considered to be illuminated
for the purpose of determining the allowed lighting power. However, for outdoor
lighting applications, the number of luminaires, mounting heights and layout affect
the presumed illuminated area and therefore the allowed lighting power.
The area of the lighting application may not include any areas on the site that are
not illuminated. The area beyond the last luminaire is considered illuminated only if it
is located within 5 mounting heights of the nearest luminaire.
In plan view of the site, the illuminated area is defined as any hardscape area within
a square pattern around each luminaire or pole that is 10 times the luminaire
mounting height, with the luminaire in the middle of the pattern. Another way to
envision this is to consider an illuminated area from a single luminaire as the area
that is 5 times the mounting height in four directions.
Illuminated areas shall not include any area that is obstructed by any other structure,
including a sign, within a building, or areas beyond property lines.
The primary purpose for validating the illuminated area is to exclude any areas that
are not illuminated. Areas that are illuminated by more than one luminaire shall not
be double counted. An area is either illuminated or it is not illuminated.
When luminaires are located further apart (more than 10 times their mounting height
apart), then the illuminated area stops at 5 times the mounting height of each
luminaire.
Page 6-20 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Planters and small landscape areas are included within the general hardscape area
as long as the short dimension of the inclusion is less than 10 ft. wide, and the
inclusion is bordered on at least three sides.
Landscape areas that are greater than 10 ft. wide in the short dimension are
excluded from the general hardscape area calculation, but the perimeter of these
exclusions may be included in the linear wattage allowance (LWA) calculation.
6.5.2 General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
The allowed lighting power shall be the combined total of the sum of the general
hardscape lighting allowance determined in accordance with §140.7(d)1, and the
sum of the additional lighting power allowance for specific applications determined
in accordance with §140.7(d)2.
A. Calculation of Allowed Lighting Power - General Hardscape Lighting
Allowance
Hardscape is defined in §100.1 as an improvement to a site that is paved and has
other structural features, including but not limited to, curbs, plazas, entries, parking
lots, site roadways, driveways, walkways, sidewalks, bikeways, water features and
pools, storage or service yards, loading docks, amphitheaters, outdoor sales lots,
and private monuments and statuary.
General Hardscape lighting allowance = (Hardscape Area x AWA) + (Perimeter
Length of Hardscape Area x LWA) + IWA
Determine the general hardscape lighting power allowances as follows:
1. The general hardscape area of a site shall include parking lot(s), roadway(s),
driveway(s), sidewalk(s), walkway(s), bikeway(s), plaza(s), bridge(s),
tunnel(s), and other improved area(s) that are illuminated. In plan view of the
site, determine the illuminated hardscape area, which is defined as any
hardscape area that is within a square pattern around each luminaire or pole
that is ten times the luminaire mounting height with the luminaire in the middle
of the pattern, less any areas that are within a building, beyond the hardscape
area, beyond property lines, or obstructed by a structure. The illuminated
hardscape area shall include portions of planters and landscaped areas that
are within the lighting application and are less than or equal to 10 feet wide in
the short dimensions and are enclosed by hardscape or other improvement on
at least three sides. Multiply the illuminated hardscape area by the Area
Wattage Allowance (AWA) from Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A) for the appropriate
lighting zone.
2. Determine the perimeter length of the general hardscape area. The total
hardscape perimeter is the length of the actual perimeter of the illuminated
hardscape on the property. It shall not include portions of hardscape that are
not illuminated according to §140.7(d)1A. Multiply the hardscape perimeter by
the Linear Wattage Allowance (LWA) for hardscape from Table 6-4 (Table
140.7-A) for the appropriate lighting zone. Generally, if there is an enclosed
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-21
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
exclusion in the area AWA calculation, the perimeter may be included in the
LWA calculation.
The perimeter length for hardscape around landscaped areas and permanent
planters shall be determined as follows:
a. Landscaped areas completely enclosed within the hardscape area, and
with a width or length a minimum of 10 feet wide, shall have the perimeter
of the landscaped areas or permanent planter added to the hardscape
perimeter length.
b. Landscaped areas completely enclosed within the hardscape area, and
with a width or length less than 10 feet wide, shall not be added to the
hardscape perimeter length.
c. Landscaped edges that are not abutting the hardscape shall not be added
to the hardscape perimeter length.
3. Determine the Initial Wattage Allowance (IWA). The IWA is allowed to be used
one time per site. The purpose is to provide additional watts for small sites, or
for odd hardscape geometries. Add the IWA for general hardscape lighting
from Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A) for the appropriate lighting zone.
The general hardscape lighting allowance shall be the sum of the allowed watts
determined from (1), (2) and (3) above.
(Refer to Figure 6-1 for a concept layout of the general hardscape lighting
allowance for area, and perimeter, as well as initial wattage allowance.)
Table 6-3: General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
Type of
Power
Allowance
Lighting
Zone 0
3
Asphalt/Co
ncrete
Lighting
Zone 1
3
Asphalt/
Concrete
Lighting
Zone 2
3
Asphalt.
Lighting
Zone 2
3
Concrete
2
Lighting
Zone 3
3
Asphalt
Lighting
Zone 3
3
Concrete
2
Lighting
Zone 4
3
Asphalt/
Concrete
Area
Wattage
Allowance
(AWA)
No
allowance
1
0.018
W/sq. ft.
0.023
W/sq. ft.
0.025
W/sq. ft.
0.025
W/sq. ft.
0.03
W/sq. ft.
0.03
W/sq. ft
Linear
Wattage
Allowance
(LWA)
No
allowance
1
0.15 W/lf
0.17 W/lf
0.4
W/lf
0.25 W/lf
0.4 W/lf
0.35 W/lf
Initial
Wattage
Allowance
(IWA)
No
allowance
1
180 W
250 W
250 W
350 W
350 W
400 W
1
Continuous lighting is explicitly prohibited in Lighting Zone 0. A single luminaire of 15 Watts or less may be
installed at an entrance to a parking area, trail head, fee payment kiosk, outhouse, or toilet facility, as
required to provide safe navigation of the site infrastructure. Luminaires installed shall meet the maximum
zonal lumen limits as specified in 130.2(b).
Page 6-22 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
2
Where greater than 50% of the paved surface of parking lot is finished with concrete. This does not extend
beyond the parking lot and does not include any other General Hardscape area.
3
Narrow band spectrum light sources with a dominant peak wavelength greater than 580 nm – as
mandated by local, state, or federal agencies to minimize the impact, active professional astronomy or
nocturnal habitat of special local fauna, shall be allowed a 2.0 lighting power allowance multiplier.
Table 140.7-A from the Energy Standards
The allowed lighting power for general hardscape lighting is calculated using the
following components:
1. Area Wattage Allowance (AWA), which is the area of the illuminated
hardscape, and is expressed in watts per sq. ft.
2. Linear Wattage Allowance (LWA), which is the length of the perimeter of the
illuminated hardscape and is expressed in watts per linear foot.
3. Initial Wattage Allowance (IWA), which is a flat allowance for each property,
and is expressed in watts.
To determine the total allowed power for general hardscape lighting, use the
equation: (Hardscape area x AWA) + (Hardscape perimeter x LWA) + (IWA).
Example 6-13 Outdoor Lighting for Healthcare Facilities
Question
Is the parking lot outside of a healthcare facility (“I” occupancy) regulated by the Energy Standards?
Answer
Healthcare facilities overseen by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development
(OSHPD) have to comply with California Energy Standards including the outdoor lighting requirements for
all outdoor areas of healthcare facilities. For outdoor lighting, a licensed healthcare facility has to meet the
outdoor lighting power requirements as specified in Section 140.7, as well as the outdoor lighting control
requirements in Section 130.2.
Example 6-14 Hardscape Materials for Parking Lots
Question
Our overflow parking lot is covered with gravel. Is this parking lot considered “hardscape,” and must it
comply with the Energy Standards?
Answer
Yes, parking lots covered with gravel, or any other material used to enhance the surface to accommodate
parking or travel, such as pavers, asphalt, cement, or other pervious or non-pervious materials are
considered hardscape and must comply with the requirements for hardscape areas.
Example 6-15 Power Allowance for a Parking Lot
Question
In a parking lot in front of a retail store, we are not using the full lighting power allowed according to Table
140.7-A. Can we use the remaining allowance to illuminate the building entrance and the walkways near
the store to a higher level?
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-23
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Answer
Yes. Because hardscape power densities are tradable, you may use the unused portion of the power
allowance in the parking lot to increase the illumination levels for other lighting applications, including
building entrance and walkway areas.
Example 6-16 Calculating the Illuminated Area of a Parking Lot
Question
A parking lot is only illuminated from a series of 5 cut-off wall packs mounted on an adjacent building. The
parking lot extends 100 ft. from the building. The luminaires are mounted at a height of 15 ft. above the
ground and spaced 50 ft. apart. How large is the illuminated area?
Answer
The illuminated area extends a distance equal to 5 times the mounting height in three directions (the fourth
direction is not counted because it is covered by the building). The illuminated area therefore extends from
the building a distance of 75 ft. The total illuminated area is 75 ft. x 350 ft. or 26,250 sq. ft.
Example 6-17 Calculating the Illuminated Area
Question 1
If a pole has a height of 15 ft., what are the dimensions of the square pattern used for power calculations?
Answer 1
The illuminated area is defined as any area within a square pattern around each luminaire or pole that is 10
times the luminaire mounting height, with the luminaire in the middle of the pattern. It does not include any
area that is within a building, under a canopy, beyond property lines, or obstructed by a sign or structure.
Therefore, for a 15 ft. pole, the area will be described by a square that is 150 ft. (15 ft. x 10) on each side,
or 22,500 sq. ft. (150 ft. x 150 ft.), minus areas that are beyond the property line or other obstructions.
Question 2
If two poles in the center of an illuminated area are separated by a distance greater than 10 times the
mounting height, will all of the square footage between them be included in the area?
Answer 2
In most applications, such as parking lots, these square patterns will typically overlap, so the entire area of
the parking lot between poles will typically be included when determining the lighting power budget.
However, if the poles are so far apart that they exceed 10 times the mounting height of the luminaires on
the poles, and the coverage squares do not overlap, then the non-illuminated areas between poles cannot
be included in determining illuminated hardscape area.
Example 6-18 Calculating the Power Allowance for a Parking Lot
Question
The parking lot with concrete surface as illustrated below has two luminaires that are mounted at a height of
25 ft. What is the illuminated hardscape area and what is the allowed lighting? The lot is located in Lighting
Zone 3.
Page 6-24 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Answer
The poles are 40 ft. apart, and using the 10 times mounting height rule, the illuminated area can be as large
as 250 ft. by 290 ft. The boundary of this maximum illuminated area extends beyond the edges of the
parking lot as well as the entrance driveway, so the entire paved area is considered illuminated. The
landscaped island in middle and peninsula below the entrance driveway are less than 10 ft. wide, so they
are included as part of the illuminated area, but not part of the hardscape perimeter. The landscaped
cutouts (20 x 20 ft.) in the corners of the parking lot are bound by pavement on only two sides so they are
not included. The total paved area is 11,196 sq. ft. [(12,636 sq. ft. + 160 sq. ft. (driveway) – 1,600 sq. ft
(cutouts)]. The perimeter of the hardscape is 470 ft. [(2 x 77 ft.) + (2 x 68 ft.) + (8 x 20 ft.) + (2 X10 ft.)].
Three allowances make up the total power allowance: Area, Linear, and Initial. All allowances are based on
a concrete surface of Lighting Zone 3 and found in Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A of the Energy Standards).
The area wattage allowance is equal to 335.9 W.
The linear wattage allowance is equal to 188 W.
The initial wattage allowance (IWA) is 350 W for the entire site.
The sum of these three allowances gives a total wattage allowance for the site of 873.9 W.
Poles are 40 ft. apart
Illuminated Area
Area
Perimeter
Site Plan
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2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
The calculation can also be tabulated as below.
Type of Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimeter Value
Power Allowance
Initial
350 W
-
350 W
Area
0.03 W/sq. ft.
11,196 sq. ft.
336 W
Perimeter
0.4 W/LF
470 ft.
188 W
Left intentionally
blank
Left intentionally
blank
TOTAL POWER
ALLOWANCE
874 W
Example 6-19 Calculating the Illuminated Area of a Parking Lot
Question
In the parking lot layout shown above, what would the illuminated area be and what would the maximum
allowed lighting power be if much smaller pedestrian style poles were used at 8 ft. high and placed 30 ft.
apart?
Answer
If the mounting height is reduced to 8 ft., and the spacing to 30 ft. (and using the 10 times mounting height
rule), the illuminated area can be a rectangle as large as 80 ft. by 110 ft. The hardscape area that intersects
the maximum allowed illuminated area is now 8,524 sq. ft. [(80 ft. x (80 ft. + 30 ft.) - 2 x (6 ft. x 6 ft. cutouts)
-2 x (6 ft. x 17 ft. cutouts)]. The new hardscape perimeter is 380 ft. [(2 x 88 ft.) + (2 x 68 ft.) + (4 x 6 ft.) + (2
x 6 ft.) + (2
x 16 ft.)].
Using the same allowances as in the previous example, the total wattage allowance for the site is 993.96 W
(340.96 area W + 133 perimeter W + 520 initial W).
Type of Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimeter Value
Power Allowance
Initial
520W
-
520 W
Area
0.040 W/
sq. ft.
8524 sq. ft.
341 W
Perimeter
0.35 W/LF
380 ft.
133 W
Left intentionally blank
Left intentionally
blank
TOTAL POWER
ALLOWANCE
994 W
Example 6-20 Calculating the Power Allowance for a Roadway
Question
A 300 ft. long, 15 ft. wide roadway leads through a wooded area to a hotel entrance in Lighting Zone 2, and
the owner wants to light the roadway with luminaires mounted at a height of 20 ft. What is the allowed
lighting power for this roadway with asphalt surface?
Answer
The hardscape area for the roadway must first be calculated. If the entire roadway will be lit, then the 20 ft.
poles will not be spaced more than 200 ft. apart and not more than 100 ft. from the ends of the roadway.
Page 6-26 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
(Lighted area is 10 times the pole height.) The hardscape area therefore is 15 ft. x 300 ft. or 4500 sq. ft. The
linear perimeter of this hardscape is the sum of the sides (not including the side that connects to the larger
site) 300 ft. + 15 ft. + 300 ft. or 615 ft.
Three allowances make up the total power allowance: Area, Linear, and Initial. However, the initial wattage
allowance applies one time to the entire site. It is not considered for usage for this roadway piece which
would only be one small part of the site. All allowances are based on an asphalt surface in Lighting Zone 2
and can be found in Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A of the Energy Standards).
The area wattage allowance is equal to 103.5 W.
The linear wattage allowance is equal to 104.6 W.
The sum of these allowances gives a total wattage allowance for the roadway of 208.1 W.
The calculation can also be tabulated as below.
B. Calculation of Allowed Lighting Power - Narrow Band Spectrum Light
Source Applications
The 2019 Standards includes a lighting power provision for narrow band spectrum
light source application to minimize the impact of electric light on local, active
professional astronomy or nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna. The provision is
in the format of lighting power multiplier as specified on the footnote of Table 140.7-
A (footnote 3) which reads, “Footnote 3: Narrow band spectrum light sources with a
dominant peak wavelength greater than 580 nm – as mandated by local, state, or
federal agencies to minimize the impact on local, active professional astronomy or
nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna, shall be allowed a 2.0 lighting power
allowance multiplier.”
Example 6-21 Calculating the Illuminated Area of a Parking Lot
Question
The lighting system for an asphalt parking lot in Lighting Zone 2 is being designed next to an active,
professional astronomical observatory. The parking lot is 800 sq. ft. with a perimeter of 280 linear feet. All
lighting within 10 miles of the observatory is required by a local ordinance to use a narrow band spectrum
light source with a wavelength above 580 nm to be compatible within the telescopes’ ability to filter out stray
light while capturing most of the wavelengths of light from the night sky. Spectral power distributions of two
amber light sources are shown in the two images in Figure 6-21a.
Type of
Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimeter
Value
Power
Allowance
Initial
250W
-
not used
Area
0.023 W/sq. ft
4500 sq. ft.
103.5 W
Perimeter
0.17 W/LF
615 ft.
104.6 W
Left
intentionally
blank
Left
intentionally
blank
TOTAL
POWER
ALLOWANCE
208.1 W
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-27
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Figure 6-21a Spectral Distribution of Light Source Product A and B
Question 1: Which of these products meet criteria for “narrow band spectrum” light sources?
Question 2: What is the allowed lighting power for this parking lot with and without the use of a narrow band
spectrum light source?
Answer
Answer 1: Narrow band spectrum light sources are those which have a spectral power distribution closely
distributed around the wavelength of peak spectral power. There are no spectral power limitations on the
wavelengths that are within 20 nm of the peak wavelength. As the spectrum diverges from the peak
wavelength, the allowed relative spectral power declines rapidly.
Between 20 to 75nm from peak wavelength, the spectral power shall be no greater than 50% of the peak
spectral power.
Beyond 75 nm the spectral power shall be no greater than 10% of the peak spectral power. This distribution
is reflected in the narrow ban spectrum criteria line centered around the peak wavelength in Figure 6-21b.
Page 6-28 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
As shown in the figure, Product A is a narrow band spectrum light source as it fits within the spectral power
criteria, whereas Product B does not comply as the spectral power exceeds the narrow band criteria.
Figure 6-21b Spectral Distribution with Narrow Band Criteria Superimposed
Answer 2: To claim the two times multiplier for narrow band spectrum light sources, as described in
footnote 3 to Table 140.7-A, the project has to comply with all three of the following criteria:
1. The light source has to have a narrow band spectrum (true for product A).
2. The dominant peak wavelength has to be greater than 580 nm (true for product A with a peak
wavelength of 600 nm).
3. The narrow band spectrum and dominant peak wavelength of the light source has to be greater than 580
nm as mandated by local, state, federal agencies, to minimize the impact on local, active professional
astronomy or on the nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna. (The credit is not available unless the
ordinance specifically calls out a requirement for a narrow band spectrum.)
The allowed wattage without the narrow spectrum multiplier calculated as follows:
Allowed Wattage = (Area Wattage Allowance) x (Area, sq. ft.) + (Linear Wattage Allowance) x (Perimeter
Length, linear ft.) + (Initial Wattage Allowance)
The asphalt parking lot is 800 sf with a perimeter of 280 linear feet and is in Lighting Zone 2. From Table
140.7-A in the asphalt column of Lighting Zone 2, the power allowance factors are:
Area Wattage Allowance = 0.023 W/sq. ft., Linear Wattage Allowance = 0.17 W/lf, and Initial Wattage
Allowance = 250 Watts.
Allowed Wattage = (0.023 W/sq. ft) x (800 sq. ft.) + (0.17 W/lf) x (280 lf) + (250 W) = 316 Watts
If the design makes use of narrow band light sources and meets all three criteria of footnote 3 to table
140.7-A, the allowed wattage is allowed a 2.0 lighting power allowance multiplier.
Narrow Band Allowed Wattage = Allowed Wattage x 2 = 316 Watts x 2 = 632 Watts.
Example 6-22 Low Blue Content Light Source Design
Question
A lighting system is being designed for a similar parking lot as in Example 6-21 except that it is next to a
wildlife refuge and all outdoor lighting near the refuge is required by a local ordinance to use low blue
content light sources to minimize the lighting impact on nocturnal animals.
If the designer specifies a narrow band spectrum light source (such as Product A in Example 6-21), can the
designer make use of the narrow band spectrum lighting power allowance multiplier in determining the
lighting power allowance?
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-29
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Answer:
To claim the two-times multiplier for narrow band spectrum light sources, as described in footnote 3 to
Table 140.7-A, the project must comply with all three of the following criteria:
1. The light source has to have a narrow band spectrum.
2. The dominant peak wavelength has to be greater than 580 nm.
3. The narrow band spectrum and dominant peak wavelength of the light source be greater than 580 nm, as
mandated by local, state, federal agencies to minimize the impact on local, active professional astronomy or
on the nocturnal habitat of specific local fauna (The credit is not available unless the ordinance specifically
calls out a requirement for a narrow band spectrum.)
For this example, the narrow band spectrum credit is not available since the local ordinance called for low
blue light content without specifying this had to be accomplished with narrow band spectrum light sources
with a dominant peak wavelength greater than 580 nm. As a result, the two-times multiplier for narrow band
spectrum light sources cannot be used in calculating the lighting power allowance for this project.
6.5.3 Additional Light Power Allowances and Requirements, by Application
The lighting power for Specific Applications provides additional lighting power that
can be layered in addition to the General Hardscape lighting power allowances as
applicable.
Most of a site will be classified as ‘General Hardscape’ and will be calculated using
Table 6-4 (Table 140.7-A of the Energy Standards) as the only source of
allowance.
Some portions of the site may fit use categories that permit the inclusion of an
additional lighting allowance for that portion of the site. These Specific Applications
are detailed in Table 6-5 (Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards). Not all of these
allowances are based on area.
The single exception to this is the allowance for Hardscape Ornamental Lighting,
which is calculated independent of the rest of the Specific Applications, and no
regard to the overlap of this Application is made. See Section E for more information
about the Hardscape Ornamental Lighting allowance.
Table 6-4: Additional Lighting Power Allowance for Specific Applications
Lighting Application
WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER
APPLICATION. Use all that apply as
appropriate.
Lighting
Zone 0
Lighting
Zone 1
Lighting
Zone 2
Lighting
Zone 3
Lighting
Zone 4
Building Entrances or Exits. Allowance
per door. Luminaires must be within 20
feet of the door.
Not
applicable
15
watts
25
watts
35
watts
45
watts
Primary Entrances to Senior Care
Facilities, Police Stations, Healthcare
Facilities, Fire Stations, and
Emergency Vehicle Facilities.
Allowance per primary entrance(s) only.
Primary entrances are entrances that
provide access for the general public.
This allowance is in addition to the
Not
applicable
20
watts
40
watts
57
watts
60
watts
Page 6-30 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
building entrance or exit allowance
above. Luminaires must be within 100
feet of the primary entrance.
Drive Up Windows. Allowance per
customer service location. Luminaires
must be within 2 mounting heights of the
sill of the window.
Not
applicable
16
watts
30
watts
50
watts
75
watts
Vehicle Service Station Uncovered
Fuel Dispenser. Allowance per fueling
dispenser. Luminaires must be within 2
mounting heights of the dispenser.
Not
applicable
55
watts
77
watts
81
watts
135
watts
ATM Machine Lighting. Allowance per
ATM machine. Luminaires must be
within 50 feet of the dispenser.
Not
applicable
100 watts
for first
ATM
machine,
35 watts
for each
additional
ATM
machine.
100 watts
for first
ATM
machine,
35 watts
for each
additional
ATM
machine
100 watts
for first
ATM
machine,
35 watts
for each
additional
ATM
machine
100 watts
for first
ATM
machine,
35 watts
for each
additional
ATM
machine
Lighting Application
WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER UNIT
LENGTH (w/linear ft.). May be used for
one or two frontage side(s) per site.
Lighting
Zone 0
Lighting
Zone 1
Lighting
Zone 2
Lighting
Zone 3
Lighting
Zone 4
Outdoor Sales Frontage. Allowance for
frontage immediately adjacent to the
principal viewing location(s) and
unobstructed for its viewing length. A
corner sales lot may include two
adjacent sides provided that a different
principal viewing location exists for each
side. Luminaires must be located
between the principal viewing location
and the frontage outdoor sales area.
Not
applicable
No
Allowance
11
W/linear
ft.
19
W/linear
ft.
25
W/linear
ft.
Lighting Application
WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER
HARDSCAPE AREA (W/sq. ft.). May be
used for any illuminated hardscape
area on the site
Lighting
Zone 0
Lighting
Zone 1
Lighting
Zone 2
Lighting
Zone 3
Lighting
Zone 4
Hardscape Ornamental Lighting.
Allowance for the total site illuminated
hardscape area. Luminaires must be
rated for 100 watts or less and be post-
top luminaires, lanterns, pendant
luminaires, or chandeliers.
Not
applicable
No
Allowance
0.007
W/sq. ft.
0.013
W/sq. ft.
0.019
W/sq. ft.
Lighting Application
WATTAGE ALLOWANCE PER
SPECIFIC AREA (W/sq. ft.). May be
used as appropriate provided that
only one is used for a given area (i.e.,
provided that two allowances are not
applied to the same area).
Lighting
Zone 0
Lighting
Zone 1
Lighting
Zone 2
Lighting
Zone 3
Lighting
Zone 4
Building Facades. Only areas of
building façade that are illuminated
qualify for this allowance. Luminaires
Not
applicable
No
Allowance
0.100
W/sq. ft.
0.170
W/sq. ft.
0.225
W/sq. ft.
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-31
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
must be aimed at the façade and
capable of illuminating it without
obstruction or interference by permanent
building features or other objects.
Outdoor Sales Lots. Allowance for
uncovered sales lots used exclusively for
the display of vehicles or other
merchandise for sale. Driveways,
parking lots or other non-sales areas are
considered hardscape areas even if
these areas are completely surrounded
by sales lots on all sides. Luminaires
must be within 5 mounting heights of the
sales lot area.
Not
applicable
0.060
W/sq. ft.
0.210
W/sq. ft.
0.280
W/sq. ft.
0.485
W/sq. ft.
Vehicle Service Station Hardscape.
Allowance for the total illuminated
hardscape area less area of buildings,
under canopies, off property, or
obstructed by signs or structures.
Luminaires must be illuminating the
hardscape area and must not be within a
building, below a canopy, beyond
property lines, or obstructed by a sign or
other structure.
Not
applicable
0.006
W/sq. ft.
0.068
W/sq. ft.
0.138
W/sq. ft.
0.200
W/sq. ft.
Vehicle Service Station Canopies.
Allowance for the total area within the
drip line of the canopy. Luminaires
qualifying for this allowance shall be
located under the canopy.
Not
applicable
0.220
W/sq. ft.
0.430
W/sq. ft.
0.580
W/sq. ft.
1.010
W/sq. ft.
Sales Canopies. Allowance for the total
area within the drip line of the canopy.
Luminaires must be located under the
canopy.
Not
applicable
No
Allowance
0.470
W/sq. ft.
0.622
W/sq. ft.
0.740
W/sq. ft.
Non-sales Canopies and Tunnels.
Allowance for the total area within the
drip line of the canopy or inside the
tunnel. Luminaires must be located
under the canopy or tunnel.
Not
applicable
0.057
W/sq. ft.
0.137
W/sq. ft.
0.270
W/sq. ft.
0.370
W/sq. ft.
Guard Stations. Allowed up to 1,000
square feet per vehicle lane. Guard
stations provide access to secure areas
controlled by security personnel who
stop and may inspect vehicles and
vehicle occupants, including
identification, documentations, vehicle
license plates, and vehicle contents.
Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2
mounting height of a vehicle lane or the
guardhouse.
Not
applicable
0.081
W/sq. ft.
0.176
W/sq. ft.
0.325
W/sq. ft.
0.425
W/sq. ft.
Student Pick-up/Drop-off zone.
Allowance for the area of the student
pick-up/drop-off, with or without canopy,
for preschool through 12
th
grade school
campuses. A student pick-up/drop off
zone is a curbside, controlled traffic area
on a school campus where students are
Not
applicable
No
Allowance
0.056
W/sq. ft.
0.200
W/sq. ft.
No
Allowance
Page 6-32 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Table 140.7-B from the Energy Standards
Assigned lighting applications must be consistent with the actual use of the area.
Outdoor lighting definitions in §100.1 must be used to determine appropriate lighting
applications.
Specific Applications that are based on specific instances on the site are the
cumulative total of those instances on the site, with the allowance being
accumulated per instance.
Specific Applications that are based on the length of an instance on the site are
calculated by multiplying the total length of the instance by the allowance per linear
foot for the Application.
A. General Hardscape Power Trade-Offs
Allowed lighting power determined according to §140.7(d)1 for general hardscape
lighting may be traded to specific applications in §140.7(d)2, as long as the
hardscape area from which the lighting power is traded continues to be illuminated
in accordance with §140.7(d) 1A.
B. Specific Allowances Power Trade-Offs Not Allowed
Allowed lighting power for specific applications shall not be traded between
specific applications, or to hardscape lighting in §140.7(d)1. This means that for
each and every specific application, the allowed lighting power is the smaller of the
allowed power determined for that specific application according to Table 140.7-B,
or the actual installed lighting power that is used in that specific application.
C. Wattage Allowance per Application
The applications in this category are provided with additional lighting power, in
watts (W) per instance, as defined in Table 6-5 (Table 140.7-B of the Energy
picked-up and dropped off from vehicles.
The allowed area shall be the smaller of
the actual width or 25 feet, times the
smaller of the actual length or 250 feet.
Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2
mounting heights of the student pick-
up/drop-off zone.
Outdoor Dining. Allowance for the total
illuminated hardscape of outdoor dining.
Outdoor dining areas are hardscape
areas used to serve and consume food
and beverages. Qualifying luminaires
shall be within 2 mounting heights of the
hardscape area of outdoor dining.
Not
applicable
0.004
W/sq. ft.
0.030
W/sq. ft.
0.050
W/sq. ft.
0.075
W/sq. ft.
Special Security Lighting for Retail
Parking and Pedestrian Hardscape.
This additional allowance is for
illuminated retail parking and pedestrian
hardscape identified as having special
security needs. This allowance shall be
in addition to the building entrance or exit
allowance.
Not
applicable
0.004
W/sq. ft.
0.005
W/sq. ft.
0.010
W/sq. ft.
No
Allowance
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-33
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Standards). Use all that apply as appropriate. Wattage allowances per application
are available for the following areas:
• Building entrances or exits.
• Primary entrances of senior care facilities, police stations, healthcare
facilities, fire stations, and emergency vehicle facilities.
• Drive-up windows. See Section 6.4.5F for additional information about drive-
up windows
• Vehicle service station uncovered fuel dispenser. See Section 6.4.5C for
additional information about vehicle service stations.
• ATM machine lighting
D. Wattage Allowance for Outdoor Sales Frontage Application
The wattage allowance per linear foot is available only for outdoor sales frontage
immediately adjacent to the principal viewing location(s) and unobstructed for its
viewing length. A corner sales lot may include two adjacent sides provided that a
different principal viewing location exists for each side. Luminaires qualifying for
this allowance shall be located between the principal viewing location and the
frontage outdoor. The outdoor sales frontage allowance is calculated by multiplying
the total length of qualifying sales frontage by the outdoor sales frontage lighting
allowance in Table 6-5 (Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards). See Section
6.4.5B for additional information about sales frontage.
E. Wattage Allowance per Hardscape Ornamental Lighting Application
The ornamental lighting allowance on the site is calculated by multiplying the total
illuminated hardscape for the site by the hardscape ornamental lighting allowance
in Table 6-5 (Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards), in watts per square foot
(W/ft
2
). Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be rated for 100 W or less as
determined in accordance with §130.0(c), and shall be post-top luminaires,
lanterns, pendant luminaires, or chandeliers. This additional wattage allowance
may be used for any illuminated hardscape area on the site. See Section 6.4.5E,
Ornamental Lighting, for additional information about ornamental lighting.
F. Wattage Allowance per Specific Area
Applications in this category are provided with additional lighting power, in watts
per square foot (W/ sq. ft.), as defined in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards
(Table 6-5). Wattage allowances per specific area are available for the following
areas:
1. Building Facades
Only areas of building façade that are illuminated shall qualify for this allowance.
Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be aimed at the façade and shall be
capable of illuminating it without obstruction or interference by permanent
building features or other objects. See Section 6.4.5A for additional information
about building facades.
Page 6-34 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
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2. Outdoor Sales Lots
Allowance for uncovered sales lots used exclusively for the display of vehicles or
other merchandise for sale. Driveways, parking lots or other non-sales areas
shall be considered hardscape areas, not outdoor sales lots, even if these areas
are completely surrounded by sales lot on all sides. Luminaires qualifying for this
allowance shall be within 5 mounting heights of the sales lot area. See 6.4.5B for
more information.
3. Vehicle Service Station Hardscape
Allowance for the total illuminated hardscape area less area of buildings, under
canopies, off property, or obstructed by signs or structures. Luminaires qualifying
for this allowance shall be illuminating the hardscape area and shall not be within
a building, below a canopy, beyond property lines, or obstructed by a sign or
other structure.
4. Vehicle Service Station Canopies
Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy. Luminaires
qualifying for this allowance shall be located under the canopy. See Section
6.4.5C for additional information about vehicle service stations.
5. Sales Canopies
Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy. Luminaires
qualifying for this allowance shall be located under the canopy. See Section
6.4.5D for additional information about lighting under canopies.
6. Non-sales Canopies and Tunnels
Allowance for the total area within the drip line of the canopy or inside the tunnel.
Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be located under the canopy or
tunnel. See Section 6.4.5D for additional information about lighting under
canopies.
7. Guard Stations
Allowance up to 1,000 sq. ft. per vehicle lane. Guard stations provide access to
secure areas controlled by security personnel who stop and may inspect vehicles
and vehicle occupants, including identification, documentation, vehicle license
plates, and vehicle contents. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting
heights of a vehicle lane or the guardhouse. See Section 6.4.5G for additional
information about guarded facilities.
8. Student Pick-up/Drop-off zone
Allowance for the area of the student pickup/drop-off zone, with or without
canopy, for preschool through 12th grade school campuses. A student pick-
up/drop off zone is a curbside, controlled traffic area on a school campus where
students are picked up and dropped off from vehicles. The allowed area shall be
the smaller of the actual width or 25 ft., multiplied by the smaller of the actual
length or 250 ft. Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting heights of the
student pick-up/drop-off zone.
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-35
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
9. Outdoor Dining
Allowance for the total illuminated hardscape of outdoor dining. Outdoor dining
areas are hardscape areas used to serve and consume food and beverages.
Qualifying luminaires shall be within 2 mounting heights of the hardscape area of
outdoor dining.
10. Special Security Lighting for Retail Parking and Pedestrian Hardscape
This additional allowance is for illuminated retail parking and pedestrian
hardscape identified as having special security needs. This allowance shall be in
addition to the building entrance or exit allowance.
6.5.4 Further Discussion about Additional Lighting Power Allowance for
Specific Applications
A. Building Facades
Building façade is defined in §100.1 as the exterior surfaces of a building, not
including horizontal roofing, signs, and surfaces not visible from any public viewing
location. Only areas of building façade that are illuminated should qualify for this
allowance. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance should be aimed at the façade
and should be capable of illuminating it without obstruction or interference by
permanent building features or other objects.
Building façades and architectural features may be illuminated by flood lights,
sconces or other lighting attached to the building. Building façade lighting is not
permitted in Lighting Zone 0 and Lighting Zone 1. Façade orientations that are not
illuminated and façade areas that are not illuminated because the lighting is
obstructed shall not be included. General site illumination, sign lighting, and/or
lighting for other specific applications can be attached to the side of a building and
not be considered façade lighting. Wall packs mounted on sides of the buildings are
not considered façade lighting when most of the light exiting these luminaires lands
on areas other than the building façade.
Page 6-36 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Example 6-23 Calculating the Allowance for a Projected Area
Question
(Lighting Zone 3) A city wants to illuminate its city hall on two sides (two facades). The structure is a three-
story building with a colonnade on the second and third floors and a cornice above. The columns are
considered important architectural features and the principal goal of the lighting project is to highlight these
features. The columns are 30 ft. tall x 3 ft. in diameter and are spaced at 8 ft. For the purposes of
determining the lighting power allowance for the building, what is the surface area to be illuminated? What
is the lighting power allowance? The columns will be illuminated by downlights at the cornice and uplights
above the first floor.
Answer
The area of the façade for the purposes of calculating the lighting allowance is the projected area of the
illuminated façade. Architectural features such as columns, recesses, facets, etc. are ignored. The
illuminated area for each façade is therefore 30 ft. x 150 ft. or 4,500 sq. ft. The façade allowance for
Lighting Zone 3 is 0.17 W/sq. ft., so the total power allowed is 765 W per façade, or 1,530 W total.
Type of Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimeter Value
Power Allowance
Facade
0.17 W/ sq. ft.
B.
4,500 sq. ft.
765 W per facade
Left intentionally
blank
Left intentionally
blank
TOTAL POWER
ALLOWANCE
1,530 W
Example 6-24 Permanent vs. Temporary Façade Lighting
Question
I am designing a high-rise building and permanently mounted marquee lights will be installed along the
corners of the building. The lights will be turned on at night, but only for the holiday season, roughly
between mid-November and mid-January. The lights consist of a series of 7 W LED luminaires spaced at
12 inches on-center (OC) along all the corners of the building and along the top of the building. Essentially,
the lights provide an outline of the building. For the purposes of the Outdoor Lighting Standards, are these
considered façade lighting? Because they will only be used for about two months of the year, are they
considered temporary lighting and exempt?
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-37
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Answer
The lighting is permanent lighting and must comply with the Energy Standards. Temporary lighting is
defined in §100.1 as is a lighting installation with plug-in connections that does not persist beyond 60
consecutive days or more than 120 days per year. Anything that is permanently mounted to the building is
considered permanent lighting, and the hours of intended use do not affect its status as permanent lighting.
Page 6-38 Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Because this lighting is primarily used to accent the architectural outline of the building, it may be
considered façade lighting. And because all corners of the building are illuminated, all four facades may be
considered to be illuminated. The area on each façade is 80 ft. x 100 ft. or 8,000 sq. ft. The total illuminated
area is four times 8,000 sq. ft. or 32,000 sq. ft. The Lighting Zone 3 allowance for façade lighting is 0.17
W/sq. ft. and the total power allowance for façade lighting is 5,440 W.
There are 100 ft. x 4 plus 80 ft. x 4 lamps (a total of 720 luminaires) on the building. Each luminaire is 7 W.
The installed power is 720 luminaires times 7 W/luminaire or 5,040 W. The installed power is less than the
allowance, so the façade lighting complies. If this building were in Lighting Zone 2, the allowance would be
0.1 W/sq. ft. or a total of 3,200 W. The lighting design would not comply in Lighting Zone 2.
Type of Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimeter Value
Power Allowance
Facade
0.17 W/ sq. ft.
32,000 sq. ft.
5,440 W
Left intentionally
blank
Left intentionally
blank
TOTAL POWER
ALLOWANCE
5,440 W
Example 6-25 Power Allowance for Facades
Question
Portions of the front façade of a proposed wholesale store in Lighting Zone 3 are going to be illuminated.
The front wall dimensions are 120 ft. by 20 ft. There is 250 ft.² of fenestration in the front wall that is
illuminated by the façade lighting. Signs cover another 500 ft.² of the front wall, and another 400 sq. ft. is not
illuminated at all. What is the allowed front façade lighting power?
Answer
The gross wall area is 2,400 sq. ft. (120 x 20). However, we must subtract all those areas that are not
illuminated. Note that because the 250 sq. ft. of fenestration is intended to be illuminated by the façade
lighting, this area may be included in the total area eligible for power calculations.
The areas not eligible for power calculations include:
500 sq. ft. of signs + 400 sq. ft. of unlighted façade = 900 sq. ft.
Net wall area used for façade lighting: 2,400 sq. ft. – 900 sq. ft. = 1,500 sq. ft.
From Table 6-5 (Table 1407-B of the Energy Standards), the allowed façade lighting power density in
Lighting Zone 3 is 0.17 W/ sq. ft.
The calculated allowed power based on net wall area is 1,500 sq. ft. x 0.17 W/ sq. ft. = 255 W.
The allowed power is therefore the smaller of actual wattage used for façade lighting or 255 W.
Type of Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimeter Value
Power Allowance
Facade
0.17 W/ sq. ft.
1,500 sq. ft.
255 W
Left intentionally
blank
Left intentionally
blank
TOTAL POWER
ALLOWANCE
255 W
Example 6-26 Sign Lighting
Question
Is sign lighting part of my façade lighting?
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-39
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Answer
The sign area must be subtracted from the façade area so that the area is not double counted. The sign
lighting must meet the requirements of the Energy Standards for sign lighting. See Chapter 7 for more
information about sign lighting.
Example 6-27 Oranamental vs. Façade Lighting
Question
Is the lighting of my parapet wall with small wattage decorative lighting considered ornamental or façade
lighting?
Answer
In this example, the lamps attached to the building façade are considered façade lighting. This cannot be
considered ornamental lighting because ornamental lighting is defined in Table 140.7-B of the Energy
Standards as post-top luminaires, lanterns, pendant luminaires, chandeliers.
Example 6-28 Hardscape vs. Façade Lighting
Question
If I mount a luminaire on the side of my building to illuminate an area is it considered façade lighting or
hardscape lighting?
Answer
It depends on the primary intent of the luminaire. For example, if the luminaire is primarily illuminating the
walls (such as a sconce), then it should be considered part of the building façade lighting. If on the other
hand, the luminaire is primarily illuminating the parking lot beyond (most wall packs), then it should be part
of the hardscape lighting. It should be noted that lighting power tradeoffs are not allowed between building
façade and hardscape areas.
C. Sales Frontage
This additional allowance is intended to accommodate the retailers need to highlight
merchandise to motorists who drive by their lot. Outdoor sales frontage includes car
lots but can also include any sales activity.
Outdoor sales frontage must be immediately adjacent to the principal viewing
location(s) and unobstructed for its viewing length. A corner sales lot may include
two adjacent sides provided that a different principal viewing location exists for each
side. Luminaires qualifying for this allowance shall be located between the principal
viewing location and the frontage outdoor. The outdoor sales frontage allowance is
calculated by multiplying the total length of qualifying sales frontage by the outdoor
sales frontage lighting allowance in Table 147-B of the Energy Standards.
When a sales lot qualifies for the sales frontage allowance, the total sales lot
wattage allowance is determined by adding the following three layers:
• General hardscape lighting power allowance
• Outdoor sales frontage
• Outdoor sales lot
D. Vehicle Service Stations
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According to the definition in §100.1, vehicle service station is a gasoline, natural
gas, diesel, or other fuel dispensing station. In addition to allowances for building
entrances and exits, hardscape ornamental lighting, building façade, and outdoor
dining allowances, as appropriate; the total wattage allowance specifically applying
to vehicle service station hardscape is determined by adding the following layers, as
appropriate:
• General hardscape lighting power allowance
• Vehicle service station uncovered fuel dispenser (allowance per fueling
dispenser, with 2 mounting heights of dispenser)
• Vehicle service station hardscape (less area of buildings, under canopies, off
property, or obstructed by signs or other structures)
• Vehicle service station canopies (within the drip line of the canopy)
The lighting power allowances are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards.
Figure 6-3: Service Station Hardscape Areas
Example 6-29 Calculating Canopy Lighting Area and Hardscape Area
Question
Where does canopy lighting area end and hardscape area start?
Answer
The horizontal projected area of the canopy on the ground establishes the area for under canopy lighting
power calculations. This area also referred to as the “drip line” of the canopy.
E. Under Canopies
According to the definition in §100.1, a canopy is a permanent structure, other than
a parking garage, consisting of a roof and supporting building elements, with the
area beneath at least partially open to the elements. A canopy may be freestanding
or attached to surrounding structures. A canopy roof may serve as the floor of a
structure above.
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-41
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
The definition of a canopy states that a canopy is not a parking garage. A parking
garage is classified as an unconditioned interior space, whereas a canopy is
classified as an outdoor space.
The lighting power allowance for a canopy depends on its purpose. Service station
canopies are treated separately (see the previous section). The two types of
canopies addressed in this section are those that are used for sales and those that
are not. Non-sales canopies include covered walkways, and covered entrances to
hotels, office buildings, convention centers and other buildings. Sales canopies
specifically cover and protect an outdoor sales area, including garden centers,
covered automobile sales lots, and outdoor markets with permanent roofs. The
lighting power allowances are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards.
The area of a canopy is defined as the horizontal projected area, in plan view,
directly underneath the canopy. This area is also referred to as the “drip line” of the
canopy. Canopy lighting, either sales or non-sales shall comply separately, e.g.
trade-offs are not permitted between other specific lighting applications or with
general site illumination.
General site lighting or other specific applications lighting, and/or sign lighting that
are attached to the sides or top of a canopy, cannot be considered canopy lighting.
For example, internally illuminated translucent panels on the perimeter of a canopy
are considered sign lighting, while the lighting underneath the canopy and directed
towards the ground is canopy lighting.
Figure 6-4: Canopy Lighting
Source: AEC Photographer: Tom Bergstrom
Example 6-30 Power Allowance Under Canopies
Question
The first floor of an office tower in Lighting Zone 3 is setback 20 ft. on the street side. The width of the
recessed façade is 150 ft. The primary purpose of the setback (and canopy) is to provide a suitable
entrance to the office tower; however, space under the canopy is leased as news-stand, a flower cart and a
shoeshine stand. These commercial activities occupy about half of the space beneath the canopy. What is
the allowed lighting power?
Answer
The total canopy area is 20 ft. x 150 ft. or 3,000 sq. ft. The General Hardscape allowance for the site will
need to be separately determined. The canopy allowance is an additional layer allowed only for the canopy
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area. The 1,500 ft.² used for the flower cart, news-stand and shoeshine stand is considered a sales canopy
and the allowance is 0.622 W/ sq. ft. or a total of 933 W. The other 1,500 sq. ft. is a non-sales canopy and
the allowance is 0.270 W/ft.² or a total of 405 W. Trade-offs are not permitted between the sales portion and
the non-sales portions.
Type of Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimeter Value
Power Allowance
Non-Sales Canopy
0. 270W/ sq. ft.
1,500 sq. ft.
405 W
Sales Canopy
0.622 w/ sq. ft.
1,500 sq. ft.
933 W
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TOTAL POWER
ALLOWANCE
1,338 W
F. Ornamental Lighting
Ornamental lighting is defined in §100.1 as post-top luminaires, lanterns, pendant
luminaires, chandeliers, and marquee lighting. However, marquee lighting does not
qualify for the ornamental lighting allowance. The allowances for ornamental lighting
are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards.
The ornamental lighting allowance on the site is calculated by multiplying the total
illuminated hardscape for the site by the hardscape ornamental lighting allowance in
Table 140.7-B. This allowance is calculated separately and is not accumulated into
the other allowances. This additional wattage allowance may be used for any
illuminated hardscape area on the site.
Luminaires used for ornamental lighting as defined in Table 140.7-B shall have a
rated wattage, as listed on a permanent, pre-printed, factory-installed label, of 100
W or less.
Figure 6-6: Ornamental Lighting
(The cobra head luminaires shown in the above figure are not ornamental lighting. However, if the
post-top acorn luminaires are rated 30 watts or less and not providing general and task lighting,
they qualify as ornamental lighting)
Example 6-31 Bollard Luminaires
Question
Are bollard luminaires considered ornamental lighting?
Answer
Outdoor Lighting – General Hardscape Lighting Power Allowance Page 6-43
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
No, Ornamental lighting is defined in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards as post-top luminaires,
lanterns, pendant luminaires, chandeliers.
G. Drive-up Windows
Drive-up windows are common for fast food restaurants, banks, and parking lot
entrances. In order to qualify, a drive-up window must have someone working
behind the “window”. Automatic ticket dispensers at parking lots do not count.
The lighting power allowances are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards
as a wattage allowance per application.
The wattage allowance in Lighting Zone 3 is 125 W for each drive-up window.
Luminaires qualifying for this allowance must be within 2 mounting heights of the sill
of the window.
Figure 6-6: Drive-up Windows
Example 6-32 Power Allowance for Drive-up Window
Question
A drive-up window in Lighting Zone 2 has width of 7 ft. What is the allowed lighting power for this drive-up
window?
Answer
The width of a drive-up window in not used for determining the allowed wattage. In Lighting Zone 2, 30 W is
allowed for each drive-up window.
H. Guarded Facilities
Guarded facilities, including gated communities, include the entrance driveway,
gatehouse, and guardhouse interior areas that provide access to secure areas
controlled by security personnel who stop and may inspect vehicles and vehicle
occupants including, identification documentation, vehicle license plates, and vehicle
contents.
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2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
There is an allowance of up to 1,000 sq. ft. per vehicle lane. Qualifying luminaires
shall be within 2 mounting heights of a vehicle lane or the guardhouse.
The power allowances for guarded facilities are listed in Table 140.7-B of the Energy
Standards.
Example 6-33 Power Allowance for Guard Stations
Question
A guard station to the research campus of a defense contractor consists of a guard station building of 300
ft.². Vehicles enter to the right of the station and exit to the left. What is the outdoor lighting power
allowance? The guard station is located in Lighting Zone 2.
Answer
Since there are two vehicle lanes, the allowance for Lighting Zone 2 is two times of 300 ft.² times 0.176
W/ft.² is 105.6 W, in addition to the general hardscape lighting power allowance.
Example 6-34 Residential Guarded Facilities
Question
Is the guarded facility at the entrance to a residential gated community covered by the Energy Standards?
Answer
Yes, residential guarded facilities are covered by the Energy Standards.
6.6 Alterations and Additions for Outdoor Lighting
§141.0(b)2L
The Energy Standards apply to alterations and additions to outdoor lighting systems,
and the application of the Energy Standards to alterations depends on the scope of
the proposed improvements.
Lighting alterations generally refers to replacing the entire luminaire.
Example 6-35 Requirements for Replacing Ballasts
Question
I am going to change the ballasts in my façade lighting system. Will I be required to meet the new Outdoor
Lighting Standards for façade lighting?
Answer
No, the replacement of only lamps or ballasts in outdoor lighting systems is not considered an alteration
and does not trigger compliance with Outdoor Lighting Standards. Replacing entire luminaires will trigger
mandatory requirements for the altered (replaced) luminaires only. Replacing more than 5 luminaires or 50
percent of the existing luminaires or adding to the connected lighting load for any outdoor lighting
application will trigger the lighting power density requirements of the Energy Standards.
Outdoor Lighting – Alterations and Additions for Outdoor Lighting Page 6-45
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
6.6.1 Outdoor Lighting Alterations – With an Increase of Lighting Loads
For alterations that increase the connected lighting load in a lighting application
listed in Table 140.7-A or 140.7-B, the added or altered luminaires in the application
zone must meet all the applicable requirements of §130.2(c) and §140.7.
Example 6-36 Requirements for Adding New Luminaires in a Parking Lot
Question
We are adding new luminaires to the existing lighting systems in a parking lot. Which Standards
requirements are triggered by this alteration?
Answer
Because additional load is being added to the parking lot, which is part of the general hardscape lighting,
the entire general hardscape area must comply with the lighting power density requirements for the given
lighting zone. However, only the newly installed lighting system must comply with the applicable mandatory
requirements, including control requirements and luminaire cutoff requirements.
6.6.2 Outdoor Lighting Alterations – With no Increase of Lighting Loads, and
small changes to existing luminaires
For alterations in parking lots or outdoor sales lots that do not increase connected
lighting load, but do replace the larger of 5 luminaires or 10 percent of the existing
luminaires where the luminaire is mounted less than 24 feet above the ground, the
replaced luminaires are required to meet the applicable controls requirements of
§130.2(c)1 and §130.2(c)3.
For applications where the luminaire is mounted greater than 24 feet above the
ground, the replaced luminaires are required to meet the applicable controls
requirements of §130.2(c)1 and either comply with §130.2(c)2 or be controlled by
lighting control systems (including motion sensors).
Example 6-37 BUG Requirements for Lighting Alterations
Question
We are replacing 20 percent of the existing HID luminaires in a parking lot. Does the BUG requirement
apply to the new and existing luminaires?
Answer
Yes, new luminaires may be required to meet the luminaire cutoff (“BUG”) requirements; however,
luminaires that are not being replaced are not required to be upgraded to meet the luminaire BUG
requirement. §141.0 (b)2L specifies that all altered luminaires must meet applicable mandatory
requirements, including the BUG requirements for replacements luminaires. Therefore, replacement
luminaires that are greater than 6,200 initial luminaire lumens must meet the luminaire BUG requirements,
even if less than 5 luminaires or 10 percent of the luminaires on site are replaced.
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2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
6.6.3 Outdoor Lighting Alterations – With no Increase of Lighting Loads, and
sizable changes to existing luminaires
For alterations that do not increase connected lighting load, but do replace the larger
of 5 luminaires or 50 percent of the existing luminaires in a lighting application listed
in Table 140.7-A or 140.7-B, the replaced luminaires must also meet the
requirements of §140.7 in addition to the control requirements mentioned in the
previous paragraph.
Example 6-38 Requirements for Replacing more thatn 50 percent of Luminaires
Question
In a service station we are replacing more than 50 percent of under canopy luminaires. Does this trigger the
alteration requirements for outdoor lighting? Do we need to bring non-canopy lighting such as hardscape
lighting up to code as well?
Answer
Yes, §141.0(b)2Liii specifies that when more than 5 luminaires or 50 percent of luminaires are replaced in a
given lighting application included in Energy Standards Tables 140.7-A and 140.7-B, the alteration
requirements apply. So, in this example, all of the under-canopy luminaires must meet the requirements of
§140.7 and the applicable control requirements of §130.2. Hardscape and other outdoor Lighting
Applications other than the canopy need not meet these requirements even if they are included in the
permit along with the canopy lighting.
There is an exception (to Section 141.0(b)2Liii) for the alteration in which the
replacement luminaires are at least 40 percent more efficient in lighting power than
the existing luminaires.
Example 6-39 Exemption from lighting power allowance requirements
Question
Fifty HID exterior pole fixtures in a parking lot are being replaced with 50 new LED fixtures. However, to
improve poor coverage in one end of the lot an additional 3 pole fixtures are added, bringing the total new
fixture count to 53. Despite the addition of 3 fixtures, the total connected load for the 53 fixtures was
reduced by 42 percent compared to the original 50. Does this project have to meet the Outdoor LPAs in
§140.7?
Answer
No, the project does not have to meet the lighting power allowances in §140.7. Even though the number of
fixtures increased, the total wattage of the project is less than before, so the connected lighting load has
decreased, not increased. Since the overall connected load was reduced by 40 percent or more compared
to the original luminaires, Exception to §141.0(b)2Liii applies and the new fixtures are not required to
comply with the LPAs in §140.7.
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2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
6.6.4 Outdoor Lighting Alterations – With no Increase of Lighting Loads, and
other small changes to existing luminaires
For alterations that do not increase connected lighting load and replace less than 5
luminaires or less than 10 percent of the existing luminaires, the requirements to
comply are minimal – comply with the luminaire cutoff (“BUG”) requirements of
Section 130.2(b) and applicable installation and acceptance requirements of Section
130.4.
Example 6-40 Outdoor Lighting Alteration Triggers
Question
I am going to retrofit all of my HID parking lot lights with an LED retrofit kit. What requirements do I need to
follow for the LED retrofits?
Answer
For outdoor lighting alterations that reduce lighting power such as LED retrofits, there are two options for
demonstrating compliance with the Energy Standards. You can either calculate the lighting power
allowance for the hardscape area, or you can list the quantity and wattage of the existing luminaires in the
hardscape area.
In both cases, the requirements are the same: if fewer than 5 luminaires are being retrofitted, or the number
of luminaires being retrofitted is less than 10 percent of the total number of luminaires in the hardscape
area, then the requirements of the Energy Standards are not triggered and no compliance documentation is
required. If more than 10 percent and less than 50 percent of the luminaires in the hardscape area are
being retrofitted, then control requirements apply. If 50 percent or more of the luminaires in the hardscape
area are being retrofitted, then control requirements apply, and the lighting must either meet current lighting
power allowances per Section 140.7 or must achieve a 40 percent reduction in lighting power.
6.6.5 Outdoor Lighting Additions– Mandatory and Lighting Power
Requirements
§141.0(a)1. §130.0, §130.2
Outdoor lighting additions are treated similarly as newly constructed buildings and
must comply with all mandatory lighting control and lighting power requirements.
A. Mandatory Requirements
Additions to existing outdoor lighting must meet all of the mandatory measures for
the added luminaires. The mandatory requirements include certification of any new
lamps, light sources, ballasts and drivers that are installed if they are the type
regulated by the Appliance Efficiency Regulations. Any new lighting controls must
meet minimum performance requirements. In addition, outdoor luminaire and
control requirements apply as follows:
• Outdoor luminaires that emit 6200 lumens or greater must comply with
backlight, uplight and glare (“BUG”) requirement. (Refer to Section 6.3.1 for
the outdoor luminaire BUG requirement.)
• Outdoor lighting control requirements including automatically turning off
lighting when daylight is available. [§130.2(c)1]
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• All outdoor lights shall be automatically controlled by a time-based scheduling
controls. [§130.2(c)2]
• Outdoor luminaires greater than 40 watts and mounted less than 24 feet and
above the ground shall be motion controlled, so that the lighting power of each
luminaire shall be automatically reduced by at least 50 percent. This applies to
luminaires providing general hardscape lighting, outdoor sales lot lighting,
vehicle service station hardscape lighting, or vehicle service station canopy
lighting. [§130.2(c)3].
B. Lighting Power Density Requirements
The outdoor lighting additions must also comply with lighting power allowances of
§140.7, Energy Standards Tables 140.7-A and 140.7-B.
6.6.6 Outdoor Lighting Additions and Alterations– More Examples
Example 6-41 Power Allowance for Additional Outdoor Dining (Inside Illuminated Area)
Question
A strip mall in Lighting Zone 3 with a common parking lot has its lighting system already designed and
installed. A restaurant moves into one of the buildings and designates 400 sq. ft. as outdoor dining. The
outdoor dining area is within the illuminated area (5 mounting heights) of the pre-existing lighting. How is
the allowable lighting calculated?
Answer
The allowable lighting power can be calculated in two ways:
Method 1
Calculate only the additional allowance layer for the outdoor dining area for specific applications (Outdoor
Dining) as contained in Table 140.7-B of the Energy Standards. In this case the allowance is 0.050 W/sq. ft.
Multiplying this allowance by 400 sq. ft. yields 20 W.
Type of
Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimete
r Value
Power
Allowance
Outdoor
Dining
0.050 W/
sq. ft.
400
sq. ft.
20 W
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TOTAL POWER
ALLOWANCE
20 W
Method 2
One could have the permit cover all of the site lighting including the outdoor dining area. (This second
compliance path would provide a greater power allowance but would require more work in the application
process.) This only yields a higher allowance if the current lighting system serving hardscape areas for the
rest of the site has less wattage than the calculated total site hardscape wattage allowance. Additional
allowances would be possible if one upgraded to the current hardscape system for other parts of the site
and reduced its wattage.
Outdoor Lighting – Alterations and Additions for Outdoor Lighting Page 6-49
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Example 6-42 Power Allowance for Additional Outdoor Dining (Outside Illuminated Area)
Question
A strip mall in Lighting Zone 3 with a common asphalt parking lot has the parking lot lighting system
designed and installed. A restaurant moves into one of the buildings and designates 400 ft.² as outdoor
dining. The outdoor dining area is outside of the illuminated area of the pre-existing parking lot lighting. How
is the allowable lighting calculated?
Answer
In addition to adding outdoor dining area, which is a specific application that is allowed more light, the
illuminated general hardscape lighting area is also increasing in size by 400 sq. ft. Adding illuminated
hardscape area results in increased general hardscape area wattage allowances (AWA) and increased
linear wattage allowances (LWA) but it does NOT add an additional initial wattage allowance (IWA)
because only one initial wattage allowance is allowed per site. The allowable lighting power can be
calculated in two ways:
Method 1
Calculate the general hardscape area wattage allowances (AWA) and the increase to the general
hardscape linear wattage allowances (LWA) and the additional allowance layer for the outdoor dining area
for specific applications (Outdoor Dining) as contained in Table 140.7-B of the Standards. As discussed
above, it is not permissible to also claim the general hardscape initial wattage allowance (IWA) as this is
calculated only once per site. The linear wattage allowance applies only to the new perimeter length, which
is not adjacent to previously illuminated area that is part of the site.
As shown in the figure below, the perimeter length is 41 ft. (25 ft. + 16 ft.). In LZ3 the asphalt AWA is 0.025
W/sq. ft. and the LWA is 0.25 W/ft. The additional allowance for the outdoor dining area for specific
applications (Outdoor Dining) as contained in Table 140.7-B is 0.05 W/sq. ft. Thus, for a perimeter length of
41 ft. and an area of 400 sq. ft., the total lighting wattage allowance is:
Hardscape LWA of 0.25 W/ sq. ft. x 41 ft. = 10.3 W
Hardscape AWA of 0.025 W/sq. ft. x 400 sq. ft. = 10 W
Specific Allowance Outdoor Dining 0.05 W/sq. ft. x 400 sq. ft. = 20 W
Total allowance = 40.3 W
Type of
Allowance
Allowance
Area/Perimeter
Value
Power
Allowance
Outdoor
Dining
0.050 W/
sq. ft.
400 sq. ft.
20 W
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2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
Area
0.025 W/
sq. ft.
400 sq. ft.
10 W
Perimeter
0.25 W/LF
41 ft.
10.3 W
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TOTAL POWER
ALLOWANCE
40.3 W
Method 2
One could have the permit cover all of the site lighting including the outdoor dining area. (This second
compliance path would provide a greater power allowance but would require more work in the application
process.) This only yields a higher allowance if the current lighting system serving hardscape areas for the
rest of the site has less wattage than the calculated total site hardscape wattage allowance.
6.7 Outdoor Lighting Compliance Documents and Acceptance Tests
This section contains information about the Certificate of Compliance, Certificate of
Installation, and Certificate of Acceptance needed for compliance with the
nonresidential outdoor lighting requirements of the Energy Standards.
6.7.1 Overview
At the time a building permit application is submitted to the enforcement agency, the
applicant also submits plans and energy compliance documentation including the
Certificate of Compliance. The enforcement agency plan checkers examine these
documents for compliance with the Energy Standards
The person responsible for the construction of the lighting system should submit the
Certificate of Installation and Certificate of Acceptance to the local building
department or the enforcement agency after the installation and before receiving the
building occupancy permit.
6.7.2 Compliance Documentation and Numbering Scheme
Nonresidential outdoor lighting Certificate of Compliance documents are listed
below:
• NRCC-LTO-E; Certificate of Compliance: Outdoor Lighting
Nonresidential outdoor lighting Certificate of Installation documents are listed below:
• NRCI-LTO-01-E; Certificate of Installation; Outdoor Lighting
• NRCI-LTO-02-E; Certificate of Installation: Energy Management Control
System or Lighting Control System
Nonresidential outdoor lighting Certificate of Acceptance document:
• NRCA-LTO-02-A: Certificate of Acceptance, Outdoor Lighting Controls
Outdoor Lighting – 6.7 Outdoor Lighting Compliance Documents and Acceptance TestsPage 6-51
2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
The Energy Standards use the following numbering scheme for the nonresidential
lighting compliance documents:
NRCC Nonresidential Certificate of Compliance
NRCI Nonresidential Certificate of Installation
NRCA Nonresidential Certificate of Acceptance
LTI Lighting, Indoor
LTO Lighting, Outdoor
LTS Lighting, Sign
01 The first set of compliance documents in this sequence
E Primarily used by enforcement authority
A Primarily used by acceptance tester
The paper prescriptive compliance documents have a limited number of rows per
section for entering data. Some designs may need fewer rows, and some designs
may need additional rows. If additional rows are required for a particular design,
then multiple copies of that page may be used.
6.7.3 Certificate of Installation Documents
The Certificates of Installation is primarily used to declare that what was installed
matches the plans on the Certificates of Compliance. The Certificate is signed by a
person with an approved license.
A copy of the completed signed and dated Installation Certificate must be posted at
the building site for review by the enforcement agency in conjunction with requests
for final inspection for the building. See Section 2.2.3 for more information about the
Installation Certificate.
6.7.4 Certificate of Acceptance
Before an occupancy permit is granted for a new building or space, or a new lighting
system serving a building, space, or site is operated for normal use, all outdoor
lighting controls serving the site shall be certified as meeting the Acceptance
Requirements for Code Compliance. A Certificate of Acceptance shall be submitted
to the enforcement agency under Administrative Regulations §10-103(a).
The acceptance requirements that apply to outdoor lighting controls include:
• Certifying plans, specifications, installation certificates, and operating and
maintenance information to meet the requirements of the Energy Standards.
• Certifying that outdoor lighting controls meet the applicable requirements of
§110.9 and §130.2.
Acceptance testing must be conducted, and a Certificate of Acceptance must be
completed and submitted before the enforcement agency can issue the certificate of
occupancy. See the following chapters about compliance and enforcement, and
acceptance requirements.
• Chapter 2 - Compliance and Enforcement
Page 6-52 Outdoor Lighting – 6.7 Outdoor Lighting Compliance Documents and Acceptance
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2019 Nonresidential Compliance Manual January 2019
• Chapter 13 - Acceptance Requirements
6.7.5 Acceptance Tests
The primary purpose of outdoor lighting acceptance tests is to assure the
lighting controls are configured properly and are functioning as expected in
meeting the energy code requirements.
The procedures for performing the lighting acceptance tests are documented in
Reference Nonresidential Joint Appendix. See the following sections for the
outdoor lighting controls acceptance tests.
• NA7.8.1 and NA7.8.2 for Motion Sensor (aka Motion Sensing Controls)
• NA7.8.3 and NA7.8.4 for Photocontrol
• NA7.8.5 and NA7.8.6 for Astronomical Time-Switch Controls
• NA7.8.7 and NA7.8.8 for Automatic Scheduling Controls
Often, the building occupancy schedule is not known at the time the
acceptance test is performed as it is before occupancy. If this is the case, a
default schedule of midnight to 6 am - as the normally unoccupied period -
could be used for the acceptance test of the installed automatic scheduling
controls to verify that the outdoor lighting power could be reduced by at least 50
percent during the unoccupied period.