Microsoft PowerPoint - Groups Periodic Table

Groups of the Periodic Table of

Elements

Metals vary in

Shininess -

Malleablility-

Ductility-

Conductivity-

Reactivity-

Alkali Metals – Group 1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY

• The most reactive metals.

• React with other elements by losing 1 electron

• So reactive they are never found alone in

nature.

• Examples—Na sodium and K potassium

Alkaline Earth Metals-Group 2

• React by losing 2 electrons

• Good conductors of electricity

• Not as reactive as Group 1 but more reactive

than most metals

• Are also never found uncombined in nature

• Examples Mg magnesium and Ca calcium

Transition Metals-Groups 3-12

• Includes familiar metals such as

Fe iron Cu copper

Au gold Ag silver Ni nickel

• Most are hard and shiny

• Good conductors of electricity

• Not very reactive other than they rust-oxidation

• Many form colorful compounds (used in paints)

Metals in Mixed Groups

Groups 13-15

• Only some are metals –MIXED groups

• Less reactive

• Al aluminum Sn tin Pb lead

Carbon Family-Group 14

• Carbon is the only element in Group 14 that is

a nonmetal

• These elements gain, lose, or share 4 electrons

• Carbon is found in all living things = organic

• Most fuels contain carbon

Nitrogen Family-Group 15

• N nitrogen and P phosphorus are nonmetals

• Gain or share 3 electrons

Oxygen Family-Group 16

• Gain or share 2 electrons

• Contains 3 nonmetals

– O oxygen

– S sulfur

– Se selenium

• Oxygen is highly reactive and can combine

with almost every element.

Oxygen

• Oxygen exists as O2 (a diatomic molecule) in the air we breathe

• Oxygen also forms O3 called ozone (a triatomic

molecule) which collects in the upper atmosphere

where it screens out harmful radiation from the

sun.

• Ozone is a dangerous pollutant at ground level

because it is highly reactive.

• Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s

crust and the second-most abundant element in

the atmosphere. (The first is nitrogen.)

Halogen Family-Group 17

• Halogens are nonmetals except for At astatine

• Fl flourine Cl chlorine Br bromine

and I iodine

– are the most reactive nonmetals

– Have similar properties-gain or share one electron

– Salt forming

– Very reactive

– Uncombined elements are dangerous to humans

More on Halogens

• Fl is so reactive it reacts with almost every

other known substance.

• Water will burn in Fl

• Cl gas is extremely dangerous-

• but ok in small amounts to kill bacteria in water.

• Br liquid will burn skin

Noble Gases-Group 18

• Do not ordinarily form compounds

because atoms of noble gases do not

usually gain, lose or share electrons.

• Stable-unreactive

• 8 valence electrons (except helium

which has 2)

Hydrogen

• Can not be grouped into a family because it is

so different.

Metalloids

• Along the border between metals and nonmetals

• Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals

• Varying ability to conduct electricity

depending on

• temperature

• light

• impurities

– makes them useful in semiconductors.

Lanthanides

• Top row at bottom of periodic table

• Soft, malleable, shiny metals

• High conductivity

• Mixed with more common metals to make

alloys.

• Alloy-mixture of a metal with at least one

other element.

Actinides

• Row of elements at bottom of Periodic Table

below the Lanthanides.

• U uranium is used to produce energy in

nuclear power plants

• Nuclei are very unstable-break apart quickly

• Synthetic Elements atomic # above 92

are man made by particle accelerators which

force atoms to crash together.

• Exception—Neptunium and ___have been

found in nature