Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument aboard the Terra satellite.
An outer spiral rainband can be seen approaching the lower Florida Keys from the southwest. A
long-lived mesocyclonic waterspout developed a few hours later from a convective cell
associated with this rainband, and moved within a few miles west of Key West around 1600
EDT.
Winds began to exceed tropical storm force (34 kt) in squalls over portions of the lower Florida
Keys shortly after 1600 EDT, 23 October. Sustained tropical storm-force winds developed from
west to east over the entire Keys archipelago and surrounding waters between 1900 EDT, 23
October and 0100 EDT, 24 October. Hurricane-force winds then developed from west to east
across the Keys island chain between 0100-0600 EDT, 24 October, and ended, again from west
to east across the island chain, between 0700-1200 EDT.
a. Wind
Peak recorded wind speeds across the Florida Keys during Hurricane Wilma varied according to
instrument location, exposure, height, and averaging period (see Table 1). In addition, several
instrument systems failed before or during the period of highest winds. Figure 6 is a wind
analysis graphic from the NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
(AOML) Hurricane Research Division (HRD), valid at 1030 UTC (0630 EDT), 24 October.
This analysis shows sustained (one-minute average), 10-meter wind speeds of 60-80 kt across the
Florida Keys near the time of landfall (on the southwest Florida coast) and closest approach of
the hurricane core to most of the Keys. The HRD analysis was produced by compositing all
available observations relative to the storm center, including Air Force and NOAA aircraft,
ships, buoys, Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) platforms, and surface airways.
(Powell et al., 1998). All data were quality controlled and then processed to conform to a
common framework for height, exposure, and averaging period. Therefore, the HRD hurricane
wind analysis is an excellent product for attaining a realistic, comprehensive view of the surface
wind field across the Florida Keys during Hurricane Wilma.
b. Atmospheric Pressure
Minimum mean sea level (MSL) pressure reports were unavailable from the Automated Surface
Observing System (ASOS) platforms at Key West International Airport (KEYW), Boca Chica
Naval Air Station (KNQX), and Florida Keys Marathon Airport (KMTH), due to storm surge
flooding-induced communications failures. Fortunately, however, the National Ocean Service
(NOS) tide gages at Key West Harbor and Vaca Key remained operational throughout the storm,
and provided minimum sea level pressure readings of 977.2 millibars (28.86 inches of mercury;
0418 EDT) and 983.0 millbars (29.03 inches of mercury; 0524 EDT), respectively, on 24
October. In addition, minimum MSL pressure readings of 983.4 millibars (29.04 inches of
mercury; 0600 EDT), 982.2 millibars (29.00 inches of mercury; 0700 EDT), and 982.3 millibars
(29.01 inches of mercury; 0800 EDT) were recorded at the C-MAN platforms at Sombrero Key,
Long Key, and Molasses Reef, respectively.
c. Rainfall
Storm total rainfall was quite low for a tropical cyclone across the Florida Keys, averaging only
1-2 inches. The low rainfall amounts can primarily be attributed to the rapid acceleration of
Hurricane Wilma as it approached Florida. Much larger storm total rainfall amounts were
.