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Fall 2023
HSS-404 (019-021): English Seminar: Memes- Media Genres, and HSS-404 (019-021): English Seminar: Memes- Media Genres, and
Applications Applications
Johanna Deane
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Deane, Johanna, "HSS-404 (019-021): English Seminar: Memes- Media Genres, and Applications" (2023).
Humanities Syllabi
. 645.
https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/hum-syllabi/645
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HSS 404-019 Spring 2023
Wednesdays/Fridays 10am-11:20am
Central King Building 315
Course notes will be available via the Active Workspace.
Instructor: Johanna Deane
Email: [email protected] with subject heading HSS404-019
Office hours: W/F by appointment, in my office or via Webex.
Course Description
Memes have existed in some form since the early days of the Internet, but the modern memetic
ecosystem is vast and varied, full of distinct genres of memes for purposes ranging from political
to commercial to philosophical. In this course, you will gain a basic foundation in the media,
genres, and rhetorical situation surrounding meme production and learn to produce effective,
engaging, rhetorically sophisticated memes.
Prerequisites: Engl102 with a grade of C or higher, and 6 credits at the 300-level History and
Humanities GER with a grade of C or higher; 3 credits at the 300-level may be taken
concurrently as a co-requisite. Restrictions: Registration requires senior standing.
Learning Outcomes
During this course you will:
Learn the underlying communication theory necessary for analysis of memes
Analyze the rhetoric of memes, memetic discourse communities, and memes as
ideological practice
Learn to navigate the scholarly literature on memetics
Study a discourse community of your choice in order to interpret its memes
Write an analysis of a topic in memetics
Create memes tailored for a discourse community, building on the theory you have
studied
Required Texts and Materials
Wiggins, Bradley. The discursive power of memes in digital culture: Ideology, semiotics, and
intertextuality. Routledge, 2019. ISBN 978-1-13858-840-0.
Technology
You will be expected to bring an Internet-capable computing device to every class class; it will
be extremely difficult to access and write about memes without one.
Attendance
Participation in in-class activities, discussions, and workshops will contribute to your knowledge,
ability, and performance. At a minimum, this means showing up on time, being prepared, and
actively contributing to class discussions. Your level of engagement with the material will
subsequently impact how much you get from the class.
You may miss up to one week of class without penalty. Every subsequent unexcused absence
will result in a reduced participation grade. If you are absent for legitimate reasons (family
emergency) you must provide a doctor’s note or a note from your dean.
Do not come to class sick. I will excuse absences made due to illness, so be sure to email me
ASAP.
Information about Learning Structure
Full Class Lectures, Discussions, and Exercises
We will prepare for full-class discussions with readings from our textbook. Not only will you
need to submit discussion questions for each discussion-oriented class date where we discuss
textbook concepts or materials, but you will also often be required to come to class with relevant
memes. Be prepared to take notes and participate. You must come to every class having read the
text for that class.
You will submit regular pass-fail projects based on the assigned readings and coursework.
If you have questions, contact me via email. I will respond to your emails within 24 hours,
except on weekends. Please plan accordingly. Remember to maintain an appropriate tone in all
school-related correspondence. This means to include an appropriate SUBJECT line and your
NAME in all emails. I will not respond to emails that do not include the senders name.
NJIT University Code on Academic Integrity
Academic Integrity is the cornerstone of higher education and is central to the ideals of this
course and the university. Cheating is strictly prohibited and devalues the degree that you are
working on. As a member of the NJIT community, it is your responsibility to protect your
educational investment by knowing and following the academic code of integrity policy that is
found at: http://www5.njit.edu/policies/sites/policies/files/academic-integrity-code.pdf (Links to
an external site.).
Please note that it is my professional obligation and responsibility to report any academic
misconduct to the Dean of Students Office. Any student found in violation of the code by
cheating, plagiarizing or using any online software inappropriately will result in disciplinary
action. This may include a failing grade of F, and/or suspension or dismissal from the university.
If you have any questions about the code of Academic Integrity, please contact the Dean of
Students Office at [email protected]
Accessibility Needs
If you are in need of accommodations due to a disability please contact Scott Janz, Associate
Director of the Office of Accessibility Resources & Services (OARS), Kupfrian Hall 201, to
discuss your specific needs. A Letter of Accommodation Eligibility from the OARS authorizing
your accommodations will be required.
The Writing Center
The Writing Center (in the basement of Central King Building and online) is available for
one-hour individual and group appointments with professional writing tutors. This resource is
intended to help you improve your communication and writing skills. Tutors can help with
planning assignments, improving your writing, refining an essay or multimedia project, or other
communication-based needs.
Feel free to schedule an appointment using this link.
For more information, please visit http://humanities.njit.edu/writingcenterLinks to an external
site..
Grading
Participation: Active Discussion & In-Class Exercises (25%):
For an A (90-100), you will be expected to attend all classes (with no more than 2
unexcused absences), fully participate in all discussions and classroom exercises, engage
with your fellow students and the teacher throughout the semester, and complete at least
90% of in-class writing exercises at a satisfactory level.
For a B (80-89), you will be expected to attend all classes (with no more than 3
unexcused absences), participate actively in most discussions and exercises, and engage
with your fellow students and the teacher for much of the semester. You will complete at
least 80% of in-class writing exercises.
If you feel that your participation work may go unrecognized, please submit a summary
of your participation throughout the semester along with any extenuating circumstances.
Presentation of Scholarship (10%):
You will need to research scholarship on memes in order to properly understand your research
topic(s). You will present on at least one paper in meme studies to the class in the second half of
the semester, and must upload your slides under Assignments by your scheduled presentation
date.
You will be responsible for downloading, reading, glossing, and leading a ten-minute PowerPoint
presentation of the key points of the paper. Each student will need to sign up for one
presentation. Pick a paper on a topic in memetics that you are keenly curious about.
For an A, you should make full use of all relevant analytical tools we have discussed at
that point in the semester, clearly articulate the context, thesis, and evidence of the
paper, and break down the memes discussed in the paper using the framework
provided by the author. You may freely disagree with their conclusions and argue your
own, but you must summarize their viewpoint first. You must provide an effective, clear,
easy-to-follow visual presentation, and must show comprehension of the paper.
For a B, you should make some use of relevant analytical tools discussed at that point in
the semester, and should explain the context, thesis, and evidence of the paper reasonably
well. Your presentation should be clear and easy-to-follow and should be fairly accurate.
For a C, you should make use of analytical tools, and should explain the content, thesis,
and evidence of the paper somewhat effectively. Your presentation should not be
confusing or misleading.
Key Concept Tests (25%)
We will discuss all assigned readings in class, so you will be able to make sure you understand
how key concepts apply to memetics. The two Key Concept Tests will test your knowledge of
the concepts in memetics which we have covered, and will test your ability to apply that
knowledge. They will be open-book in nature, which will help you a lot more if you do the
readings.
Memetic Analysis Paper
You will write a sequence of interconnected assignments about a topic in memetics throughout
the semester. You will have to do both research into the existing memetic scholarship and
analysis of discourse communities and the rhetorical function of memes. Whatever topic you
select, you will need to complete certain milestones as you propose, research, write, and revise it.
These milestones are pass/fail events, allowing you to obtain credit as you research rather than
remaining uncertain of your progress until the semester's end. These milestones are also
opportunities to meet with the professor during or after class to confirm you are on the right
track.
Proposal with Annotated Bibliography (10% - PASS/FAIL, meet with professor to discuss)
You will write an introduction to a topic in memetics that you are interested in surveying and
analyzing. In about 500 words, identify the topic, explain your initial understanding of it, and
provide a working thesis. Additionally, provide relevant scholarship (minimum of ten sources),
each annotated with a paragraph of analysis explaining how it illuminates your topic.
You may use up to 2 chapters of Wiggins's textbook as cited sources, and you may use up to 3
works cited in Wiggins's textbook as cited sources. Determine which questions about your topic
cannot be answered by the analytical tools presented in the textbook, and then find relevant
scholarship that can help you answer those questions.
Examples of successful past topics include:
An analysis of the r/marvelmemes subreddit and how it memed in response to the
releases of Eternals and Spider-Man: No Way Home.
An analysis of #NBA Twitter's use of memes both to communicate about NBA fandom
and about #NBA Twitter users' lives.
An analysis of meta-memes in the KnowYourMeme.com community as a way to
comment upon and pressure the admins of the community.
An analysis of the memes circulating among medical students on r/medschoolmemes.
Finished Memetic Analysis Paper (30%)
This paper is a semester-long research project on a topic in memetics; the finished paper will be
between 15 and 25 pages in length, not including bibliography (about 4500-7500 words), will
draw on at least ten scholarly sources (you may use Bradley Wiggins' textbook and other course
readings as no more than five of your sources), and will take one of three forms: primary
research and documentation of the memetics of a discourse community, analysis of a meme
developing and propagating across discourse communities, or discussion of a topic in memetics.
Examples of successful research paper topics include:
An analysis of the r/marvelmemes subreddit and how it memed in response to the
releases of Eternals and Spider-Man: No Way Home.
An analysis of #NBA Twitter's use of memes both to communicate about NBA fandom
and about #NBA Twitter users' lives.
An analysis of meta-memes in the KnowYourMeme.com community as a way to
comment upon and pressure the admins of the community.
A history of the development of Ironic Doge memes from 2010 to 2020.
An analysis of the memes circulating among medical students on r/medschoolmemes.
An overview of recent meme-based advertising campaigns.
You will be expected to document your examples and case studies using permanent links.
Remember to cite and explain the scholarship you use to analyze and explain the discourse
community's behavior and memetics. You will draw upon existing scholarship to meaningfully
analyze the topic or community, providing rigorous and systematic analysis of the topic or
community, explaining relevant discursive communities in terms of their online infrastructure,
their digital culture, their demographics and social patterns and hierarchies, their rules and
patterns of behavior, subcommunities within the community, tensions and faultlines and patterns
of disagreement, etc.
You will explain how agents meme (the role memetics play in their discourse, patterns of meme
use, specific memes and syntaxes common to the community, how their use of memes interacts
with other discourses and memetic ecosystems, etcetera) and will explicitly analyze memes from
the community or relating to the topic, contextualize them, break them down, and explicitly
discuss their discursive role.
You will advance a clear and meaningful thesis supported by an argument that draws on
well-founded and explicit evidence. Your paper must be organized in a meaningful and logical
way, providing background and relevant analytical tools, performing analysis, and coming to a
conclusion.
Assignment Submission and Revision
All assignments must be submitted on Canvas. I will not accept emailed work. Specific
formatting guidelines will vary according to each assignment, so please follow the explicit
guidelines found on individual assignment sheets. Assignments are due at the beginning of class.
Late class work and homework will only be accepted if your absence is excused.
Every assignment will either come with a rubric or be graded pass/fail on the basis of clear
requirements; pass/fail assignments are worth the full amount, while graded assignments are
worth 50-100%. Nonsubmission is worth 0%. You will frequently work on projects during class
time and receive feedback during the writing process. If an assignment has a specified due date
for credit, you must upload it by that time and be prepared to discuss it that day in class.
Major graded written assignments will be graded during a one-on-one meeting, whether
in-person in class time or office hours, or remotely to accommodate flexible schedules. You will
receive a rubric-based grade at the beginning of the grading meeting, and then we will discuss
the most efficient ways you can improve your grade by revision.
Please contact your classmates for missed work.
Final Grade Calculations
Because all unsubmitted work will receive a 0, while all good-faith attempted work cannot
receive a lower grade than 50%, it is in your best interest to submit every assignment on time,
even if your submissions are flawed. At the end of the term, your total work will be evaluated
according to the university’s grading scale.
A = 100-90
B+ = 89=87
B = 86-80
C+ = 79-77
C = 76-70
D = 69-60
F = 59-0
Incompletes will only be given under considerable extenuating circumstances (physical/mental
health absences, military service, child care needs, etc.).
Schedule of Classes
Week 1: Introduction to Memetics
Sep 6-8
Exercise 1: Making and Revising Memes
Welcome to course, anchoring expectations,
discussing discourse communities and meme
genres we wish to study throughout the
semester. Defining memes. Introducing
discourse communities, genres,
KnowYourMeme, meme generators.
Bown, Alfie and Dan Bristow, eds. Post
Memes: Seizing the Memes of Production.
Week 2: Memes as Stories
Sep 11-15
Exercise 2: Role-based analysis of Memes
Wiggins, Chapter 1: Dawkins Revisited: A
Brief History of the Term Meme and Its
Function
de Saint Laurent, C., Glăveanu, V. P., &
Literat, I. (2021). Internet memes as partial
stories: Identifying political narratives in
coronavirus memes. Social Media+ Society,
7(1), 2056305121988932.
Johann, Michael, and Lars Bülow. “One Does
Not Simply Create a Meme: Conditions for
the Diffusion of Internet Memes.”
International Journal of Communication, 20
Mar. 2018
Topics: Dawkinsian memes vs Internet
memes, spreadable media, virality,
reproducibility, remixing, semiotics, ideology,
intertextuality, partial stories, narrative
analysis, partial stories
Identify a Dawkinsian meme within a
discourse community you are part of, then
identify examples of ideology, semiotics,
intertextuality, and reproducibility & remixing
in Internet memes.
Week 3: Memes in Discourse Communities,
Memes as Speech Acts
Sep 18-22
Exercise 3: Memes in discursive context:
data to collect
Exercise 4: Analyzing memes with speech
act theory
Wiggins, Chapter 2: The Discursive Power
of Memes in Digital Culture
Grundlingh, L. (2018). Memes as speech acts.
Social Semiotics, 28(2), 147-168.
Topics: Discourse, discourse community,
memory traces, digital culture, participatory
culture, ideology vs material conditions, false
consciousness, collective social
understanding, ideological practice, signs, the
medium is the message, intertextuality and
remix, speech act,
locution/illocution/perlocution
Week 4: Memes as Genre, Structuration
Sep 25-29
Exercise 5: Analyzing Emergence of
Memes
Wiggins, Chapter 3: Memes As Genre
Olofsson, Simon. "$GME to the Moon:
Mapping Memetic Discourse as Discursive
Strategy in Reddit Trading Community
r/WallStreetBets during the GameStop Short
Squeeze Saga." Stockholm University,
Master's thesis, 20 Aug. 2021.
Barnes, Riesenmy, Trinh et al. "Dank or not?
Analyzing and predicting the popularity of
memes on Reddit."
Topics: Genre, duality of structure,
structuration, maintenance - elaboration -
modification, spreadable media, emergent
memes
Week 5: Test 1
Oct 2-6
Full review on Oct 4 of topics covered
Your opportunity to make sure you
know how to define all the key
concepts and can use them
Anything we’ve covered previously in
class can be tested
Week 6: Imagined Audience, Identity, & the
Rhetoric of Memes
Oct 9-13
Exercise 6: Close Reading & Rhetorical
Analysis of Memes
Wiggins, Chapter 7: Identity.
Miltner, Kate. "“Real Men Stand for Our
Nation”: Constructions of an American
Nation and Anti-Kaepernick Memes." Journal
of Sport and Social Issues, vol. 44, no. 4,
Aug. 2020, pp. 290-311
Kassing. (2020). Messi hanging laundry at the
Bernabéu: The production and consumption
of Internet sports memes as trash talk.
Discourse, Context & Media, 34, 100320
Topics: essentialism and constructivism,
instability and construction of identity,
resonance, identity and memetics in discourse
communities, outgroup construction,
self-writing
Week 7: Memes and Pragmatics, Memes as
Interrupted Communication
Oct 16-20
Wiggins, Chapter 4: Political Memes
Wiggins, Chapter 6: Audience
Exercise 7: Imagined Audiences, Gricean
Pragmatics, & Analysis
Wiggins, Chapter 8: Internet Memes as a
Form of ... Art?
Dimitrov, Dimitar, et al. “Detecting
Propaganda Techniques in Memes.” Accessed
27 March 2023.
Jilly Boyce Kay (2019) Introduction: anger,
media, and feminism: the gender politics of
mediated rage, Feminist Media Studies, 19:4,
591-615, DOI:
10.1080/14680777.2019.1609197
Wiruma et al., “Invisible Meaning on
Spongebob Meme.”
Topics: Death of the real, hyperreal,
simulacra, imagined audience, fraction of
selection, dominant/negotiated/oppositional
decoding (ask me about fanfiction),
self-writing, media narrative, pastiche, Dada,
surrealism, alienation, disillusionment, the
readymade, the cooperative principle, maxims
of quantity/quality/manner/relevance
Week 8: Memes & Copyright, Citation,
Commerce
Oct 23-27
Exercise 8: Citing memes
Proposal assigned
Presentation assigned
Final paper in memetics assigned
Wiggins, Chapter 5: Commercially
Motivated Strategic Messaging and Memes
Read before class: Matalon, L. J. (2019).
Modern problems require modern solutions:
Internet memes and copyright. Tex. L. Rev.,
98, 405.
Review in class: Sample Papers in Memetics
Week 9: Test 2
Oct 30-Nov 3
Review session on Nov 1
Test on Nov 3
Week 10: Proposals
Nov 6-10
Full class meetings canceled for one-on-one
proposal grading & feedback
sessions. Sessions will occur during class
time in our classroom, or during my office
hours, or remotely. If you can only meet
during class times, you will be prioritized for
grading during class hours. Outside your
scheduled grading time, you are excused from
these class meetings. Be prepared to tell me
which of your sources you intend to present
upon next week.
Week 11: Presentations of Scholarship
Nov 13-17
Week 12: Paper Draft Support
Nov 20-24
Week 13: Final Papers Due
Nov 27-Dec 1
Full class meetings canceled for one-on-one
grading sessions. Grading sessions will occur
during class time in our classroom, or during
my office hours, or remotely. If you can only
meet during class times, you will be
prioritized for grading during class hours.
Outside your scheduled grading time, you are
excused from these class meetings.
Week 14: Revision and Review
Dec 4-8
Week 15: Revision and Review
Dec 11-13