After the fall of Rome art stagnated and didn't change very much for nearly a
millennium. Early Christian art dominated for the most part, consisting of murals
and frescos and simple statues. All of which were based on the Ancient styles.
Romanesque and Gothic art also built upon these precedents. This all changed
when the Renaissance attacked.
A cultural explosion changed the art world forever; arguably starting with the
Italian artist, Giotto. He began using techniques like foreshortening and linear
perspective so that the material world could be represented as it appeared to us. A
callback to the naturalistic stylings of the Greeks. Almost like a reference to the
days of yore. A celebration of how art used to be, but with the explosion of new
techniques and technologies, the art grew increasingly diverse. New and improved
frescoes, meticulously crafted sculptures, architectural marvels and the inclusion
of new materials in these works. Instead of tempera, oil was introduced along with
new styles of depicting light and shadow through sfumato and chiaroscuro. These
techniques and stylistic changes, while impressive, were simply an advancement
of pre established art. The Renaissance paved the way for the explosion and
diversification of dozens of art movements that followed.
From prehistoric art to the end of the Renaissance, art was mostly about the same
subjects and used similar techniques to accomplish the goal of producing a work
of art. Yes, the technical proficiency exponentially improved but considering the
centuries in between, few true advancements were made.
Compare this to memes. They were so simple at first and really were nothing
more. Then they got better. More technical. More circumstantial. More media to
create them with. But memes could last years or many months before dying off.
As time went on, the longevity of a meme shortened. This is paralleled in the art
world.
After the Renaissance the Baroque period started. Then the Neo-Classicism,
Romantic, Realism, and Impressionism movements not long after. Still utilizing
the same technical process but the reasoning behind the movements changed. No
longer was it about simply depicting the world around us, it was about prompting
the viewer to consider new thoughts and ideas. Urging them to look past the
image and think deeper about meaning and context. Pushing the boundaries of
what art could be. The Baroque to Impressionism era spanned roughly 300 years.
Compare that to the thousands of years between archaic art and the Renaissance.
It was a huge explosion of self expression. Finally, in the mid to late 19th century
starting with Post-Impressionism, Modern art emerged. This movement focused
on self-consciousness, self-reference, introspection, existentialism, and even
nihilism. I'm talking Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Abstract Expressionism,
and Surrealism to name the most well known.
These styles changed what art could be. They were no longer about depicting life
as is, or layering a painting with hidden motifs for only the privileged to
understand, they were in and of themselves absurd. Abstract shapes, aggressive
lines and colors, nonsensical dreamscapes. But it didn't stop there.
Post-modernism. Pushing art to the limit of its potential. Pop art, Conceptual art,
Minimalism, Fluxus, Installation art, Lowbrow art, Performance art, Digital art,