The Practical Real Estate Lawyer | 43
Catherine T. Goldberg
is a director in the Albuquerque oce of
Rodey, Dickason, Sloan, Akin & Robb, PA, and a
member of the rm’s Executive Committee. She
practices in the areas of real estate nancings,
banking, foreclosures, commercial law, leases,
contracts, and corporate law. Ms. Goldberg is a
frequent speaker at meetings of the American
College of Mortgage Attorneys, the American
College of Real Estate Lawyers, the Real Property
Institute of the Real Property, Probate and Trust
Section of the New Mexico Bar Association,
and other professional organizations. She is a
member of the American College of Real Estate
Lawyers, (ACREL) and the American College of
Mortgage Attorneys (ACMA) where she is the
State Chair for New Mexico; she is a member
of the ACMA Opinions Committee and a past
regent. Ms. Goldberg has been included in
The Best Lawyers in America in real estate and
banking continuously since 1995, and she has
been listed in Chambers USA America’s Leading
Business Lawyers in real estate continuously
since its inception in 2003. She is listed in
Southwest Super Lawyers for 2007, 2008 and
2009 and in the 2007 and 2009 editions she is
recognized as one of the Top 25 Lawyers in New
Mexico. She can be reached at cgoldberg@
rodey.com.
A Model Letter Of Intent For The Purchase
And Sale Of Property
Catherine T. Goldberg
Know the deal before you do the deal.
PARTIES CONTEMPLATING real estate transactions
have every reason to be careful. The investment is likely
to be a major one. A mistake can be devastating. There
always lurks the possibility of potential liabilities that may
be extraordinarily difcult to identify. To assuage the con-
cerns of all involved, a letter of intent will be an attractive
prospect.
Letters of intent can take many forms. They can be
straightforward and not bind the parties at all, or they can
be quite detailed and bind the parties to quite a few terms.
In many (possibly most) cases, both parties at the letter of
intent stage have neither the intention nor the desire to be
bound — for such parties, binding terms would defeat the
purpose of a letter of intent altogether. However, in some
circumstances the parties might, for a variety of reasons,
be willing to bind themselves to certain terms at this stage.
The following Model Letter of Intent was drafted for a
sophisticated purchaser client, a business with a real es-
tate department, that wanted to bind the seller to as many
terms as possible from the very beginning. The purchaser
wanted to start its due diligence immediately, without hav-
ing to wait until the details of a purchase agreement were
ironed out. As with all form documents, it is intended only
as a starting point for consideration of the kinds of issues
that a letter of intent with binding terms for the purchase
and sale of property can address.
44 | The Practical Real Estate Lawyer May 2010
LETTER OF INTENT
This letter of intent (“Letter”) will outline the terms and conditions under which the prospective buyer
____________________________ (“Buyer”), with the consent of the prospective sellers _______________
AND _______________(collectively, “Seller), may initiate due diligence investigations and, thereafter, at
Buyer’s option, proceed toward the negotiation, in good faith, of an agreement of purchase and sale (“Pur-
chase Agreement”) of property located in ______________________________ County New Mexico,
more particularly described in Section 1 below (the “Property”). Buyer and Seller are sometimes referred
to in this Letter as the “parties.” Buyer and Seller agree as set forth below.
1. Property Description. The property subject to this Letter consists of all Seller’s right, title and in-
terest in and to the ______________________________ in ______________________________ County,
New Mexico, consisting of approximately _______ acres, as depicted on the map attached as Exhibit A,
together with all appurtenant and related water rights and water rights-related property, including, more
specically, without limitation, all of the following (collectively, the “Property”), free and clear of rights of
rst refusal, other agreements and other encumbrances of any kind, except any to which Buyer consents
in writing:
a. All surface, mineral, and geothermal estates and/or rights and/or interests in the real property le-
gally described more particularly in attached Exhibit B (the “Land”), together with and including all
and singular the tenements, hereditaments, easements, rights-of-way and appurtenances belonging
or in anywise appertaining or relating to the aforesaid real property, together with and including all
improvements and xtures of any kind located on the aforesaid real property and/or on any of the
foregoing, and together with and including any and all rents, income, prots, proceeds, and products
of and from any of the property described in this Section (1)(a) (collectively, the “Real Property”).
b. All leasehold estates in real property adjacent to, or in the vicinity of, the Real Property, arising under
lease agreements between Seller or any member(s) of Seller, as lessee, and the New Mexico Commis-
sioner of Public Lands or any other third party, as lessor, including those lease agreements identied
on attached Exhibit C, subject to the obtaining of lessor’s consent to the assignment to Buyer of the
interests of Seller under any such lease agreements.
c. All waters, water courses, water, riparian, and ood rights, and related property (whether appro-
priative, or otherwise, and whether or not appurtenant to the Real Property, and whether now or here-
after existing or acquired) including, but not limited to (i) any and all adjudicated, licensed, permitted,
certicated, declared, perfected, unperfected, Mendenhall, and other water rights and/or ood rights,
and claims to and applications for any such water rights and/or ood rights, appurtenant to or with
a point of diversion and/or place of use on the aforesaid Real Property; (ii) the water rights and/or
ood rights and claims to and applications for water rights and/or ood rights described with specic-
ity on attached Exhibit D [describe by reference to State Engineer le number (and if adjudicated, case
name, cause number and le and suble numbers); quantity; point of diversion; place of use; and other
characteristics]; (iii) ditches and ditch rights and reservoirs and reservoir rights; (iv) shares of stock and/
Letter of Intent | 45
or other interests in any aforesaid water or water rights and/or ood rights, and/or in any irrigation
or ditch companies; (v) any and all wells, pumps, casing, tubing, pipes, pipelines, electric power lines,
tanks, dams, weirs and other diversion works, ditches, acequias, headgates, turnouts and other equip-
ment, facilities, and property associated, used or useful in connection with any aforesaid water rights
and/or ood rights and claims to and applications for such water rights and/or ood rights; and (vi)
and any and all rents, income, prots, proceeds and products of and from any of the property de-
scribed in this Section (1)(c) (collectively, the “Water Rights”).
2. Letter Inspection Period. From the date this Letter is fully executed (the “Letter Effective Date”),
Buyer shall have a thirty (30)-day period within which to commence a due diligence investigation of the
Property (the “Letter Inspection Period”). Seller and Buyer agree to the following during the Letter Inspec-
tion Period and beyond, as specied below:
a. Within ve (5) business days of the Letter Effective Date, Buyer shall deposit into escrow with the Title
Company (dened below), as escrow agent, a deposit of ____________________ and 00/100 Dollars
($__________) (“Letter Deposit”) to be applied toward the Agreement Deposit dened below upon ex-
ecution of the Purchase Agreement. Seller may retain the Letter Deposit of ____________________
and 00/100 Dollars ($__________) (i) in the event the parties, though proceeding in good faith, are
nonetheless unable to negotiate and execute a denitive Purchase Agreement, as independent con-
sideration of Seller entering this Letter or (ii) in the event, in failing to execute a denitive Purchase
Agreement, Buyer has not acted in good faith, as Seller’s sole and exclusive remedy, as liquidated dam-
ages, Seller’s actual damages being difcult, if not impossible, to ascertain. Buyer may obtain a return
of the Letter Deposit of ____________________ and 00/100 Dollars ($__________), in the event, in
failing to execute a denitive Purchase Agreement, Seller has not acted in good faith, as Buyer’s sole
and exclusive remedy, as liquidated damages, Buyer’s actual damages being difcult, if not impossible,
to ascertain.
b. Seller shall provide to Buyer, at Seller’s cost, within one (1) day of the Letter Effective Date all docu-
ments pertinent to the Property, including, without limitation, the following, among others (collectively,
the “Letter Inspection Documents”):
i. A current commitment of _________________________________ issued through its
____________________, New Mexico ofce and through ______________________________
___ in ____________________, New Mexico, in combination (collectively, the “Title Company”)
on NM Form 6 (ALTA Form Rev. 6-17-06) (the “Commitment”), the form prescribed at N.M. Ad-
min. Code §13.14.18.19 of the New Mexico Title Insurance Rules, N.M. Admin. Code §13.14.1.1
et seq. (“Title Insurance Rules”), for issuance of an Owner’s ALTA policy of title insurance on NM
Form 1 (ALTA Form Rev. 6-17-06), the form prescribed and set forth in the Title Insurance rules at
N.M.Admin. Code §13.14.18.14 (“Owner’s Policy”), together with copies of the vesting deeds and
all documents cited in Schedule B-I and B-II of the Commitment;
ii. All plats of any of the Property, including, without limitation, survey plats;
46 | The Practical Real Estate Lawyer May 2010
iii. All environmental audits and appraisals of any of the Property;
iv. Tax documents and business records relating to the Property; and
v. All adjudication decrees, licenses, certicates, permits, declarations, changes of ownership, ex-
tensions of time for applying water rights to benecial use, surveys, studies, evaluations and other
documents relating to any of the Water Rights.
c. Beginning upon the Letter Effective Date and terminating at the expiration of thirty (30) days after
Seller’s delivery to Buyer of the Letter Inspection Documents, Buyer, including its representatives and
agents, shall have the right, at any and all times, without further notice, to enter upon and, at its ex-
pense, to commence its due diligence inspection, investigation, and evaluation of the Property and to
arrange for and coordinate any long lead time due diligence investigations, for example, but not by way
of limitation, environmental and/or Real Property and Water Rights studies, surveys, and evaluations
of the Property.
d. Seller shall cooperate with Buyer in Buyer’s inspections, investigations, and evaluations of the Prop-
erty. In that connection, Seller agrees to refrain from actively marketing the Property during the Letter
Inspection Period, during any and all negotiations between Seller and Buyer occurring thereafter, and
during the period for which any Purchase Agreement between Buyer and Seller is in effect.
e. Seller and Buyer, together, shall use their best efforts and otherwise cooperate to obtain from the
holder of any mineral rights underlying the Real Property, an assurance that such holder will waive all
rights to extract minerals of any kind from the Real Property, in the event of a purchase of the Prop-
erty by Buyer.
f. At the end of the Letter Inspection Period, if Buyer is not satised with the Property, in its sole and
absolute discretion, it shall so notify Seller and shall have no further obligation to Seller, which may
retain the Letter Deposit, subject to the provisions of Section (2)(a) above.
3. Purchase Agreement.
If, at the end of the Letter Inspection Period, Buyer wishes to pursue the
purchase, Buyer will prepare a draft Purchase Agreement within ten (10) days from the end of the Letter
Inspection Period, based on the terms of this Letter, including as set out below, as well as on additional
consistent terms negotiated by the parties. Seller shall continue to refrain from marketing the Property to
others while negotiating the terms of the Purchase Agreement and while the Purchase Agreement remains
in effect. Once the parties have reached agreement on the terms of the purchase and sale, the parties shall
execute a Purchase Agreement with respect to the Property, and the Letter Deposit shall be applied to the
Agreement Deposit (dened below) requirement. The Purchase Agreement shall include the provisions
detailed below, among others.
a. The purchase price for the Property shall be a total of ____________________ ($__________), to
be paid, after application of the Agreement Deposit (dened below), at a Closing (dened below) to
Letter of Intent | 47
occur no later than __________ __, _____, unless such date is extended in writing by the parties. No
debt of the Seller will be assumed.
b. At such time as a denitive Purchase Agreement is fully executed, including by the Title Company
(“Agreement Effective Date”), Buyer shall deposit into escrow with the Title Company, as escrow agent,
earnest money totaling $__________ (“Agreement Deposit”) after application of the Letter Deposit.
The Agreement Deposit will be fully refundable to Buyer until the expiration of the Agreement In-
spection Period (dened below).
c. Buyer will have thirty-one (31) days (the “Agreement Inspection Period”) after a Purchase Agreement
is signed to inspect and further investigate all aspects of the Property. During the Agreement Inspec-
tion Period, Buyer may continue evaluating the Letter Inspection Documents provided to it by Seller
during the Letter Inspection Period. In addition, during the Agreement Inspection Period, Seller shall
provide to Buyer, at Seller’s cost, except as otherwise indicated, all documents pertinent to the Property,
including, without limitation, the following documents, among others, within one (1) day of the Agree-
ment Effective Date (collectively, the “Agreement Inspection Documents”):
i. An updated Commitment and copies of any new documents of record cited in Schedule B-I
and/or B-II;
ii. Any updated Letter Inspection Documents; and
d. All other investigations shall be at the sole cost of Buyer. Sellers will fully cooperate with all of
Buyer’s investigations and will provide Buyer and its representatives full access to all books, records,
les, reports, and information, as well as to the Property, and to all of Seller’s agents and employees
with knowledge of the Property.
e. During the Agreement Inspection Period, Buyer shall review the status and standing of the Water
Rights, as well as the condition of title to all the Property, including, without limitation, as reected
in the Commitment and applicable surveys, and determine, in its sole discretion, whether it desires to
object to the condition of title, giving Seller the opportunity to cure title and/or survey or other defects,
consistent with provisions of the Purchase Agreement, or to purchase the Property subject to its then
existing condition.
f. Buyer may terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time during the Agreement Inspection Period
for any reason, with no further liability.
g. The Purchase Agreement shall include customary representations and warranties by Sellers, for
Buyer’s reliance, including the availability of utilities, absence of environmental conditions, the subdi-
vision of the Property in accordance with applicable law, and the zoning of the Property. In addition,
the Purchase Agreement shall obligate Seller to deliver, on the Agreement Effective Date, notice of the
Purchase Agreement and its terms and conditions to any parties holding a right of rst refusal on any
48 | The Practical Real Estate Lawyer May 2010
Water Rights or other Property and to provide Buyer with a copy of such notice immediately thereaf-
ter. Such notice delivered on the Agreement Effective Date shall be sufcient to trigger the running of
any period for exercise of a right of rst refusal. The Purchase Agreement shall further call for Buyer
and Seller to use their best efforts and otherwise cooperate to obtain from the holder of any mineral
rights underlying the Property, for the benet of Buyer, a waiver of all such holder’s rights to extract
minerals of any kind from the Property.
h. The close of escrow, including, without limitation, Seller’s delivery to Buyer of the Property by
warranty deed, together with such change of ownership and other documentation as is necessary to
transfer the Water Rights and/or any other parts of the Property, and Buyer’s delivery to Seller of the
Purchase Price (“Closing”), shall occur by the date set forth in Section (3)(a) above (the “Closing Date”).
Closing will be subject to the satisfaction or waiver of conditions beneting the Seller and Buyer which
are customary in commercial transactions of the nature described herein.
i. At Closing, Buyer, as lessor, and Seller, or a member or afliate of Seller, as lessee, shall, at Seller’s
option, enter into a lease agreement, for the lease back to Seller of the Real Property, for a lease term
of ve (5) years, at a rental rate of ____________________ and 00/100 Dollars ($__________) per
year, payable, for the rst year of the lease term, at Closing and, thereafter, for each of the four years
remaining in the lease term, on the anniversary of the Closing Date. The lease shall include provisions
permitting (i) Seller, as lessee, to cancel the lease, as to the entirety of the leased Real Property, upon
thirty (30) days’ advance written notice to Buyer; and (ii) Buyer, as lessor, to cancel the lease, in part,
from time to time, (x) as to some or all portions of the leased Real Property, other than the house and
the Land underlying and in the immediate vicinity of the house (collectively, the “Homestead”), as
such Homestead is described on attached Exhibit E, upon thirty (30) days’ advance written notice to
Seller, as lessee, specifying the non-Homestead portion(s), including the number of acres therein, of
the Real Property as to which the lease is being cancelled, and (y) as to the Homestead, after the ex-
piration of one (1) year from the Closing Date, upon thirty (30) days’ advance written notice to Seller,
as lessee, specifying the Homestead, including the number of acres therein, as the portion of the Real
Property as to which the lease is being cancelled. In the case of any cancellation of the Lease by Buyer,
as lessor, the amount of annual rent owed for the Real Property remaining subject to the lease shall be
reduced pro rata, effective as of the date of cancellation, based on the number of acres of Real Prop-
erty removed from the lease by such cancellation in relation to the total acreage subject to the lease at
the time of cancellation.
j. Closing costs shall be allocated in accordance with the custom in _____________________________
County, New Mexico. Seller and Buyer shall each pay the fees and expenses of their respective legal
counsel, accountants, and other consultants or advisors incurred in connection with the transaction.
Real estate taxes, assessments, and any items of income and expense shall be prorated as of the Closing
Date. Seller shall bear the cost of a standard Owner’s Policy of title insurance in favor of Buyer, in the
amount of the purchase price of the Real Property. The cost of deletions from the Owner’s Policy of
any standard exceptions in Schedule B-II of the Commitment, as well as the cost of any other afrma-
Letter of Intent | 49
tive coverages and endorsements, shall be borne by Buyer. In addition, Buyer shall order, at its cost, an
ALTA survey of the Real Property, as well as a Water Rights survey.
4. Condentiality. Buyer and Seller shall keep any negotiations and communications between the par-
ties regarding the potential purchase or purchase of the Property condential, including through the Let-
ter Inspection Period, the Agreement Inspection Period, and thereafter, and shall not disclose any matter
related to such negotiations and communications to any third party, except, on a “need to know” basis,
to either party’s attorneys, accountants, or similar consultants if such attorneys, accountants, or similar
consultants agree to keep such negotiations, communications, and related matters condential. This con-
dentiality provision shall apply throughout the Letter Inspection Period, the Agreement Inspection Period,
and thereafter.
5. Binding/Non-binding Nature of Provisions. The provisions of this Letter applicable through
the Letter Inspection Period are binding. The balance of the provisions of this Letter create no contractual
obligation on the part of either party, but merely state a framework pursuant to which Buyer may consider
negotiating and executing a Purchase Agreement with Seller, and the Letter will be superseded by the
terms of any written Purchase Agreement signed by the parties.
6. New Mexico Law Governs. The provisions of this Letter, and those of any Purchase Agreement
ensuing, shall be construed according to, and otherwise governed by, New Mexico law without reference
to principles of choice of law.
7. Execution in Counterparts.
This Letter may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instru-
ment.
By signing below, the parties signify that the terms described in this letter are acceptable.
[Signatures]
JOINDER OF TITLE COMPANY, INCLUDING AS ESCROW AGENT
_________________________________, including as escrow agent herein, joins in the execution of this
Letter of Intent for the limited purposes of acknowledging and agreeing to the provisions regarding the
acceptance, deposit, and disbursement of the Letter Deposit, and otherwise agreeing to perform its obliga-
tions hereunder in accordance with the provisions of this Letter of Intent.
[Signatures]
50 | The Practical Real Estate Lawyer May 2010
JOINDER OF TITLE COMPANY, INCLUDING AS ESCROW AGENT
_________________________________, including as escrow agent herein, joins in the execution of this
Letter of Intent for the limited purposes of acknowledging and agreeing to the provisions regarding the
acceptance, deposit, and disbursement of the Letter Deposit, and otherwise agreeing to perform its obliga-
tions hereunder in accordance with the provisions of this Letter of Intent.
[Signatures]
[Attach Exhibits as referenced in Main Document]
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