International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2013, 3(1):255-265
is a Pass, and 8 being a fail), the 19 public colleges mean grade at 95% confidence level was 5.16±
0.076. In Kericho TTC, the results for 2009 shows that 0.85% of the teacher trainees obtained
distinction grade, while 9.23% failed. In 2010, 0.67% obtained a distinction and 10.2% failed while
in 2011, 1.99% obtained distinction and 7.0% failed. The student teachers who have scored
distinction grades have been very few while those failing have been more. This is an indication of a
high wastage rate due to low completion rates as those who fail are suppose to re-sit the
examination.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This research had its foundations in the writings of John Dewey, the great American educational
philosopher, who believed that professional educators should become involved in “community”
problem-solving. Since the attainment of independence, reforms in the field of education in Kenya
have been intensified and many important steps have been taken towards improving the
accessibility, effectiveness and quality of education. Quality education is one that leads to effective
learning amongst the learners. This means the learners should be able to develop knowledge and
skills according to the curriculum, the ability to think creatively and apply knowledge to solving
problems, positive social attitudes and behavior, and commitment to life-long learning.
According to UNICEF‟s Child Friendly Schools (CFS) Manual (Ministry of Education/TEPD.,
2008), quality of education is a result of many factors like safety, nutrition, school partnerships,
and community linkages. However, to create quality education, the teacher is the most important
factor. Internationally, a growing body of research confirms teacher quality as one of the most vital
school based factors influencing student achievement or performance (Schulman, 1986). Based on
studies carried out in the USA on student achievement, Darling-Hammond concluded
that;…teachers‟ qualification based on measures of knowledge and expertise, education, and
experience – account for a larger share of the variance in students‟ achievement than any other
single factor (like race, poverty, parent education) (DuPlessis and Irfan, 2010).
In Australia, a number of studies have similarly concluded that the quality of teaching and learning
is an important factor accounting for variations in school students‟ achievement. The MOE has
invested in programs towards the development of teachers‟ competencies by strengthening teachers
and teaching in TTCs. It should be borne in mind that without knowledgeable, skilled and
committed teachers, the other factors may not necessarily contribute to quality education. This
therefore means the trainers of teachers are in sharp focus. They need to be highly trained to use
appropriate pedagogies that lead to student learning in an effective way.
There have been several training programmes geared towards the professional development of
teacher trainers. All these have been made in order to change their practice. It should be
remembered that teachers respond enthusiastically to programs of continuing professional