CONSERVATIVE AND LIBERTARIAN PUBLIC INTEREST LAW

OPIA’S GUIDE TO

CONSERVATIVE/LIBERTARIAN

PUBLIC INTEREST LAW

EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES WITH

NONPROFITS, RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

VIRGINIA A. GREIMAN,

OPIA ATTORNEY ADVISER

AND ANDREW CHAN,

OPIA SUMMER FELLOW

SEPTEMBER 2007

Harvard Law School

Bernard Koteen Office of

Public Interest Advising

Pound Hall 329

Cambridge, MA 02138

617-495-3108

Fellows of Harvard College

Conservative Guide 2007

Acknowledgments

On behalf of the Bernard Koteen Office of Public Interest Advising (OPIA) I am pleased to present the 2

edition

of the Conservative/Libertarian Public Interest Law Guide. I am greatly indebted to the many public interest

lawyers, students, professors, and HLS graduates who were so willing to share their time and experiences for this

Guide. Much appreciation goes to Alexa Shabecoff, Assistant Dean and Director of OPIA for her wise counsel and

steadfast support, and Andrew Chan, OPIA Summer Fellow who managed production and editing of the Guide and

updated the organizational, resource and narrative sections, Judy Murciano, Harvard Law School’s Fellowship

Director for her guidance on fellowships and grants, Kirsten Bermingham, OPIA’s Program Coordinator, Lisa

Williams, OPIA's Assistant Director for J.D. Advising, and the entire OPIA staff for their generous assistance. I

would especially like to thank Hans Bader, Clint Bolick, Jennifer Bradley, Kathryn Biber Chen, Ted Cruz, Jim

DeLong, Paul Ferrara, Charles Fried, Sarah Isgur, Emilie Kao, Dan Lyons, Raffi Melconian, Michael Rosman, Bill

Saunders, and Paul Taylor for their generous contributions to the Guide.

Ginny A. Greiman

Attorney Advisor

Bernard Koteen Office of Public Interest Advising

Harvard Law School

September 2007

Conservative Guide 2007

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................................4

FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................................5

THE CONSERVATIVE’S VIEW OF THE LAW............................................................................................................5

CONSERVATIVE JURISPRUDENCE...........................................................................................................................6

THE LIBERTARIAN’S VIEW OF THE LAW ...............................................................................................................7

THE LIBERTARIAN POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN AMERICA ...............................................................................7

GOING GLOBAL AS A CONSERVATIVE.....................................................................................................................8

HOW TO STRUCTURE YOUR TIME AT HLS FOR A FUTURE IN CONSERVATIVE/LIBERTARIAN

PUBLIC INTEREST........................................................................................................................................................9

PERSONAL NARRATIVES .......................................................................................................................................... 15

TED CRUZ ’95 - SOLICITOR GENERAL, TEXAS....................................................................................................................................15

KATHRYN

BIBER CHEN ’04 - GENERAL COUNSEL, ROMNEY FOR PRESIDENT CAMPAIGN…...……………………......16

MICHAEL

ROSMAN – CHIEF COUNSEL, CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS.............................................................................. 17

JENNIFER BRADLEY ’08 – OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL, OFFICE OF LEGAL POLICY AT THE DEPARTMENT OF

JUSTICE, SUMMER INTERN ......................................................................................................................................................................... 18

CLINT BOLICK - DIRECTOR FOR THE CENTER OF CONSTITUTIONAL LITIGATION, GOLDWATER INSTITUTE ................... 19

PAUL TAYLOR ’94 – CHIEF MINORITY COUNSEL FOR THE HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE

CONSTITUTION............................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

BILL

SAUNDERS '80 -- SENIOR FELLOW IN THE BIOETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL ................................................ 21

HANS BADER ’94 - SENIOR COUNSEL, CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, WASHINGTON, D.C........................................... 21

DANIEL LYONS ’05 – NEW ENGLAND LEGAL FOUNDATION, SUMMER LAW INTERN............................................................. 22

EMILIE KAO ’99 - THE BECKET FUND FOR RELIGIOUS LIBERTIES, WASHINGTON, D.C. ........................................................ 23

RAFFI MELKONIAN ’05 – SUMMER INTERN, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, CRIMINAL DIVISION, DOMESTIC SECURITY

SECTION (DSS) ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 23

LEE RUDOFSKY ’05 - LEGAL INTERN, WHITE HOUSE COUNSEL’S OFFICE................................................................................ 24

FELLOWSHIPS..............................................................................................................................................................25

PUBLIC POLICY ORGANIZATIONS AND TRENDS ..............................................................................................30

RELIGIOUS LIBERTIES/HUMAN RIGHTS................................................................................................................................................. 30

CIVIL LIBERTIES: FREE SPEECH/RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS/RACIAL PREFERENCES ......................................................................... 32

ECONOMIC RIGHTS/LIMITED GOVERNMENT/FREE MARKET ENTERPRISE ................................................................................. 34

OREIGN POLICY/INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS/PRIVATIZATION.................................................................................................. 38

CONSTITUTION/FEDERALISM................................................................................................................................................................... 40

COUNTER-TERRORISM/DEFENSE/ HOMELAND SECURITY ............................................................................................................... 40

CRIMINAL JUSTICE/ VICTIMS RIGHTS...................................................................................................................................................... 42

EDUCATION/SCHOOL VOUCHERS ........................................................................................................................................................... 42

ENVIRONMENTALISM/ENERGY POLICY ................................................................................................................................................ 43

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY............................................................................................................................................................ 44

HEALTH CARE/MEDICAID/SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM..................................................................................................................... 44

IMMIGRATION............................................................................................................................................................................................... 45

POLITICAL/LEGISLATIVE AND

ELECTORAL REFORM .................................................................................................................................................................................. 45

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND THE INTERNET....................................................................................................................................... 46

TRANSPORTATION ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 47

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS)............................................................ 47

CONSERVATIVE AND LIBERTARIAN PUBLIC INTEREST LAW

INTRODUCTION

The Conservative/Libertarian movement is best defined by this well-known exposition of the Constitution by James

Madison in 1788:

James Madison believed in the core principles

of an open society– individual liberty, free

enterprise, responsibility, prosperity, and a

limited, accountable government. The

conservative/libertarian commitment to limited

government, free markets, democracy, and the

rule of law continue to be the driving force

behind building an America where freedom, prosperity and opportunity flourish. However, a balance must

constantly be strived for between the protection of America’s security and protecting fundamental rights and civil

liberties.

“The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to

the federal government are few and defined. Those which

are to remain in the State governments are numerous and

indefinite.”

James Madison, Federalist No. 45, January 26, 1788

Since the mid 1990’s, we have seen a dramatic rise in the number of conservative/libertarian public interest

organizations and policy research institutes worldwide. This change can best be explained by the expansion of the

conservative/libertarian movement in this country, the fall of communism, as well as the growth in the number of

political democracies throughout the world. September 11

shifted foreign policy and strengthened the patriotic

mood in this country. The spread of freedom is no sure thing. Recent progress has been met by strong resistance for

reasons including domestic protectionism and cultural misunderstanding. To assure global freedom the role of the

U.S. is critical and the importance of attracting young lawyers to serve in public policy positions is essential in

achieving these goals.

During the next two years this country will embark on a new era as it approaches the election of a new President in

2008, who must continue to assure the Nation’s security, promote technological innovation, secure economic

development in countries where we have a strategic interest, improve the natural environment, and promote

international trade and globalization. With these challenges comes a great opportunity, both domestically and

internationally, for students interested in conservative/libertarian public interest law. As we continue to grow

globally we must also be prepared to understand and bridge the gaps between important disciplines such as

engineering, medicine, defense, religion, education, energy, telecommunications, the environment, and economic

development. The world no longer consists of separate enclaves, but must be united in resolving global problems

and challenges that cross many fields.

The Conservative movement has been instrumental in recognizing and establishing democracy building initiatives

throughout the world, and continues to flourish in former communist countries and in recent years in Islamic,

African, and Mid-Eastern nations. Conservatives have participated in numerous organizations and entities, helping

to increase visibility. Conservative initiatives are expanding in the legislative, executive and judicial branches of

government, public interest nonprofits, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), research institutes, international

public policy centers, and litigating organizations. Opportunities are as diverse as the organizations and include

public policy research, legislative drafting, regulatory reform, foreign relations and counter-terrorism, litigation of

constitutional issues before the state and federal courts, and the analysis of judicial theory from the

conservative/libertarian perspective.

The organizations listed at the end of this Guide should be carefully reviewed to assist you in finding career

opportunities that will integrate your professional interests with your personal and political beliefs. Do not hesitate

to contact these organizations to discuss areas of interest to you that may not be included in the organization’s

profile, but would provide an opportunity to develop new initiatives or projects in public interest law.

Conservative Guide 2007

FOREWORD

Through reading this Guide, you will learn not only about specific internship opportunities, but more importantly,

about the experiences of HLS graduates and how you can take advantage of the numerous resources that exist right

at Harvard for enriching your knowledge of public interest law and sharing an interest in conservative and libertarian

views with fellow classmates, alumni and faculty. Several themes emerge in interviews with HLS graduates. Most

would agree that finding a mentor, cultivating contacts in the public

interest field, joining public interest organizations like the Federalist

Society and the Harvard Law School Republicans, and most important

writing for a public interest journal like the Journal of Law and Public

Policy go a long way towards finding the RIGHT job in conservative

public interest law.

Conservative Guide 2007

After spending a good part of my own career in public service at the

state, federal and international levels, I can assure you that it is the

most exciting and challenging of all career options. For me, a career in

public service has been a way of life that has never caused me to look

back and long for the riches of the private sector. My public service

began right out of law school with the Honors Program at the Department of Justice. Within five years I was

presiding over some of the largest and most complex public corporate reorganization cases filed in our country’s

history including a major airline, a nuclear power plant, and a leading international bank holding company. Serving as

an international consultant for the U.S. Department of State in Eastern and Central Europe helping emerging

economies address the fall of communism was also an enriching experience where I learned about the importance of

cultural issues and the ideologies that drive policy in developing new legal systems. However, one of my most

fulfilling public service experiences was the opportunity to observe first hand at the City on a Hill Charter School,

among others, the impact that innovative public charter schools, free from bureaucratic rules and regulations of

traditional public schools, can have on the improvement of education in the inner cities.

As one HLS graduate describes his

experience on obtaining a position on

Capitol Hill, “Compromise is

inevitable in a democracy, of course,

but in the end it’s not about winning

an argument, it’s about changing the

law to achieve improvements in

public policy that help individuals

enjoy greater freedom.”

aul Ta

lor ’94

Working for a grassroots

women’s legal

organization in Beijing,

allowed Emilie Kao ‘99

to see what Chinese

lawyers face in fighting

for women’s rights in a

country where legal

consciousness and “rule

of law” are still in the

earl

sta

es.

Though financial concerns are an important consideration, don’t miss the

opportunity to experience public service from a governmental, public policy, or

litigation perspective as often as you can throughout your legal career. Learning

about public service work, knowing what you would like to do, and bringing a

passion for public service to the interview will go a long way in making you a viable

candidate. Please do not hesitate to call upon me or any other members of the

OPIA staff as you consider the challenging opportunities available in the constantly

expanding field of public service law. We will take great interest in helping you find

the best options for your short and long term career goals.

Ginny A. Greiman

OPIA Attorney Adviser

THE CONSERVATIVE’S VIEW OF THE LAW

A primary principle of conservatism is respect for the legacy of the past. Abraham Lincoln best summarized the

importance of origins to the Conservative Party in his famous quote:

Conservatives in particular find meaning in origins,

whether the origin is historical, or religious, or posited,

as in the state of nature theories that libertarians rely

upon.

The conservative believes strongly in the

principles of democracy, federalism, and the

“What is conservatism? Is it not the adherence to

the old and tried against the new and untried.” -----

Lincoln’s Cooper Institute Address, February 27,

186

separation of powers set forth by the founding fathers in the constitution. For the conservative, convention,

constitution, and structure are the sources of a civil social order.

The foundation of judicial conservatism is respect for the source of one’s judicial authority in the founding fathers’

Constitution. The framers of the Constitution favored limited government, states rights, and the protection of

private property. After the Constitution was signed, but before ratification among the states, a series of essays

appeared in defense of the document known as The Federalist Papers. These papers provide the structure for the

conservative movement. In 1787 and 1788 James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay authored the

Federalist Papers, a penetrating commentary on the principles and processes of the proposed Constitution and a

guide to the conservative movement in America. James Madison is often referred to as the Father of the United

States Constitution mainly because of his eloquent persuasion reflected in the Federalist Papers. Though the essays

had little impact on the debate to ratify the Constitution, they are still considered a classic work of political theory.

The authors argued that federalism offered a means of both preserving state sovereignty and providing a safeguard

for individual freedom from tyrannical rules.

CONSERVATIVE JURISPRUDENCE

With the appointment of two Conservative Justices to the U.S. Supreme Court in 2006, Chief Justice Roberts and

Justice Alito, the impact on the Court has been closely watched by legal scholars and observers. Based on early

observations, conservative and libertarian watchdogs are optimistic that judicial minimalism and consensus may

succeed. In the 2006 term, consensus was clearly achieved by the Court’s unanimous decisions in cases involving the

constitutionality of the Solomon Amendment, New Hampshire’s Abortion law, standing in dormant Commerce

Clause cases, the death penalty, and religious freedom.

Public school assignment policies continue to stir up

controversy between school districts across the country and

conservatives and civil rights activists. In a recent case, the

U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Seattle’s racial tiebreaker

rules violated the Constitution’s grant of equal protection.

In the majority opinion, Justice Roberts wrote that “the way

to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop

discriminating on the basis of race.” Justice Kennedy said

school districts should not have to “accept the status quo of

racial isolation in our schools.”

iii

The accumulation of all powers, legislative,

executive, and judiciary, in the same hands,

whether of one, a few, or many, and whether

hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may

justly be pronounced the very definition of

tyranny.

James Madison, Federalist No. 48, February 1,

1788

The most important challenge to affirmative action at public universities in American history, since the Supreme

Court’s 1978 ruling in Bakke v. Regents of University of California,

was brought forth in the Grutter v. Bollinger

and Gratz

v. Bollinger

cases decided in 2003 by the U.S. Supreme Court. The Center for Individual Rights (CIR), a nonprofit

public interest law firm that advances a broad, civil libertarian agenda launched this pair of lawsuits in the fall of

1997, challenging race-based initiatives at the University of Michigan’s Law School and College of Literature, Science,

and the Arts. On June 23, 2003, the Supreme Court in a 5-4 decision struck down Michigan’s undergraduate

admissions system, which awarded points to minority applicants based solely on race. The court, however, upheld

the University of Michigan’s law school admissions policy, which assigns no numerical value to an application based

on race, but weighs race significantly in the admissions process on a subjective rather than an objective basis. As one

American Enterprise scholar recently noted, “Justice O’Connor replaced the constitutional test with a curfew. In the

year 2028 ... morally imperative-racial preferences will turn into a constitutional pumpkin.”

The conservative doctrine is best reflected in the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence on issues of federalism and

separation of powers. These cases concern the balance of power between the states and the federal government, the

rules concerning preemption of state law by federal law, the doctrine of separation of powers, and the Eleventh

Amendment, which addresses state immunity from lawsuits brought in federal court.

Conservative Guide 2007

Justice Sandra Day O’Connor in her book, “The Majesty of the Law,”

notes that the continuous expansion of the

docket of “federalism” cases like the rest of its agenda is largely a reflection of concerns that originate outside the

Court.

vii

The number of such cases accepted by the Court averaged around fifteen per term through the 1950’s and

dropped substantially in the latter half of the 1960’s (the same period in which the civil rights docket was expanding),

and then rose steadily to an average of about twenty to twenty-five per term – a level that has been maintained up to

now.

In a scholarly article on the makeup of the previous court, the “Rehnquist Court,” the author describes the

protection of federalism as an area where the Court has continued to clearly favor the conservative position to

protect the states from the national government.

viii

Other areas where the Court has favored the conservative view

include racial preferences and regulatory takings.

THE LIBERTARIAN’S VIEW OF THE LAW

While libertarians are a diverse group of people with many philosophical beliefs,

they share a defining principle that everyone should be free to do as they choose, so

long as they don’t infringe upon the equal freedom of others.

Libertarians defend

each person’s right to life, liberty, and property – rights that people possess

naturally, before governments were created.

Conservative Guide 2007

Libertarians advocate maximizing individual rights and minimizing the role of the

state by advancing the Jeffersonian principles of free markets, limited government,

federalism, and individual freedoms. The libertarian believes in freedom from the

restraints of government activism and government controls whether these restraints

and controls arise from restraints on trade or the movement of goods in the

marketplace, increased taxation, or the buildup of the welfare state, and foreign

political and military activism.

The historical roots of libertarianism are found in the Jeffersonian philosophy. Libertarians believe that governments

should be held to the same standards of right and wrong as individuals and that less government is best, that

government should only exist to protect and defend us against others who might impinge upon our basic freedoms,

or threaten us with violence and harm. Libertarians strongly believe in the force of the Bill of Rights and the

protection of the freedoms provided therein. These freedoms include freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and

the right to bear arms, a voluntary military service, and the right to own and use property without governmental

restriction. On the other hand, libertarians condemn such government actions as the draft, restrictions on the right

to bear arms, market and pricing controls, eminent domain, and regulation of our personal lives.

The fabric of the

American empire ought

to rest on the solid basis

of the consent of the

people. The streams of

national power ought to

flow from that pure,

original fountain of all

legitimate authority.

Alexander Hamilton,

Federalist No. 22,

December 14, 1787

To learn more about the Libertarian view, the Cato Institute’s Center for Constitutional Studies publishes annually,

the Cato Supreme Court Review, a critique of the Court’s most important decisions from the term just ended, plus a

look at the cases ahead-all from a classical Madisonian perspective, grounded in the nation’s first principles, liberty

and limited government. Other popular libertarian organizations include the Institute for Justice, the Reason

Foundation, and the Institute for Humane Studies featured in the organization section of this Guide.

THE LIBERTARIAN POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN AMERICA

Libertarianism as an intellectual influence has been with us for a long time

dating back to the thinking of John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine,

and John Stuart Mill. Although libertarianism as an intellectual force dates back

to the 1940’s and the end of World War II, the Libertarian Party was not

founded until 1971 in Colorado. However, the Party has made consistent

progress since that time in building a grassroots effort in all 50 states and is today one of the largest alternative

Liberty is essential to

political life.

James Madison, Federalist

o. 10

November 23

178

Conservative Guide 2007

political parties in the United States. The Libertarian party has never been as concerned with traditional political

power as have our predominant two parties, but the guiding logic has always been ideas. In recent years as

Americans become more conservative, the libertarians have become an important part of the conservative coalition.

Although both conservatives and libertarians believe in limited government the libertarians go much further than the

conservative party on the abolition of government altogether except for defense, security and protection from the

violence of others. They do converge with the conservative philosophy on such issues as government deregulation,

privatization, welfare reform, school choice, reduced taxes, balanced budgets, and anti-trust legislation.

GOING GLOBAL AS A CONSERVATIVE

The emergence of a global economy and democracy building has opened the door for conservatives in almost every

corner of the world. Conservative doctrine is studied and valued all around the globe, but particularly in developing

countries where the federalist approach to structuring governments and developing constitutions is desperately

needed and sought out by many foreign government organizations. Eastern and Central European countries were

eager to learn about free markets after the fall of communism, and developing countries including India, China,

Africa and Mid-Eastern nations continue to expand the rule of law by the establishment of legal systems and the

encouragement of foreign direct investment. International issues include federalism and foreign relations,

international terrorism, harmonization and conflict of laws, the regulation of international financial institutions and

markets, competition policy, intellectual property, welfare and health care reform and the spreading of Western

values. The conservative philosophy of limited government and regulatory reform echoes from the halls of the U.S.

Justice Department and the U.S. Department of State to governments in Argentina, India, Romania, South Africa,

Russia, Australia and the Philippines to name a few.

Within the Department of Justice (DOJ) many international opportunities for conservatives arise in the law

enforcement area under the Office of International Affairs, the Counter-Terrorism Unit (CTU), the Organized Crime

and Racketeering Section, and the Antitrust, Tax, and Computer Crime Divisions as well as the Department of

Homeland Security. If you are interested in overseas criminal justice development, the Office of Overseas

Prosecutorial Development, Assistance and Training (OPDAT) is tasked with the training of judges and prosecutors

abroad in coordination with various government agencies and U.S. embassies in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin

America, Russia and the newly independent States.

Collaboration is critical to the success of DOJ, therefore, many of the divisions, sections and offices in DOJ work

together to combat crime and spread the rule of law around the world. As an example, the CTU assists OPDAT in

achieving its primary goal to counter terrorism, while also supporting OPDAT efforts to build effective justice

sectors that respect the rule of law. The CTU now has programs underway for Paraguay, Bangladesh, Indonesia,

Kenya, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and regional conferences in Vienna (with the Organization for Security

and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)), and the Tri-Border Region. More information on OPDAT and the CTU can

be found at www.usdoj.gov/criminal/opdat.html/. If your interests lie more with foreign relations, national security

and diplomatic opportunities, the Department of State, the Committee on Security and Cooperation in Europe, and

the Offices of Legal Counsel and Legal Policy at DOJ may be more to your liking. The U.S. Department of State,

Office of Law Enforcement and Intelligence promotes mutual legal assistance in criminal and other law enforcement

matters, negotiates treaties, and coordinates U.S. and foreign criminal proceedings with foreign policy implications.

There are also many opportunities to learn about international commerce and trade through the U.S. Department of

Commerce, Chief Counsel for International Commerce, the U.S. Trade Development Agency, and the U.S.

Department of The Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, and Office of International Affairs. In summary, if

you are interested in conservative and libertarian public policy from the international perspective there are numerous

opportunities to engage your interests and passion. All of the above governmental organizations and many more are

listed in OPIA’s 2006-2007 International Job Search Guide, Volume II.

If your preference is for international work in the nonprofit area, there are a growing number of international experts

and organizations focused on conservative and libertarian policies. Extensive information on these organizations can

be found in the international section of the Policy Experts Guide published by the Heritage Foundation.

Conservative Guide 2007

demonstration of the Heritage Foundation’s dedication to spreading conservatism is shown through its presence in

Russia, China and other countries through its Freedom Project, which aims to define a comprehensive freedom

agenda and identify the policies that will make it a reality.

In addition to the Heritage Foundation, most of the conservative public policy research institutes have both a

domestic and international focus. The Heritage Foundation’s international research focuses on foreign and defense

policy studies and international trade and finance. The Federalist Society addresses international interests through its

International and National Security Law Subcommittee and through its many Programs, the Annual National

Lawyers Conference, and through its publication of “Engage” the Journal of the Federalist Society’s Practice Group.

The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) also focuses on international issues through its Foreign Defense, Latin

American, Asian, Middle East and Developing World Policy Studies. AEI can provide a wealth of information on

opportunities worldwide in public interest and policy careers.

The Margaret Thatcher Foundation, based at the Heritage Foundation, is dedicated to promoting Lady Thatcher’s

vision of political and economic freedom. The mission of the Thatcher Center will be to give the world a greater

understanding of the principles of limited government, representative democracy, market economics, the rule of law

and strong national defenses. These principles that have their roots in the cultural patrimony of Europe, are

manifested most successfully in Great Britain and the United States, and promoted most effectively through the close

and vital historical alliance between our two great nations.

xii

There are many nonprofit organizations throughout the world that promote conservative values including the

Foundation for Democracy in Africa and the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies both based in

Washington, D.C. The well known Fraser Institute in Vancouver addresses fiscal issues in North America and the

London based International Institute for Strategic Studies addresses political-military conflict and the global security

challenges of the 21

Century. Many of these organizations are listed in the organizational section of the Guide or

can be found in the Heritage Foundation’s Policy Experts and Organizations Guide.

HOW TO STRUCTURE YOUR TIME AT HLS FOR A FUTURE IN

CONSERVATIVE/LIBERTARIAN PUBLIC INTEREST:

Preparation for a career in public service begins in law school and there are many opportunities that exist right at

Harvard and through summer internships that should be considered. Summarized below are some of the best ways

to get involved in learning more about the role of the public interest lawyer.

• Spend a summer in government or with a nonprofit public policy or litigating organization – As you

are reviewing the numerous nonprofits and public interest litigating groups listed at the end of this Guide,

keep in mind this is just a starting point. In addition to these organizations there are numerous state and

federal agencies that can provide a fulfilling experience in pubic service as well. Be sure to check out the state

organizational structure on the separate state websites, and contact the agency directly that appeals to you.

The OPIA publication, Serving the Public: A Job Search Guide, OPIA’s job search database and

www.pslawnet.org list numerous opportunities with nonprofits and federal and state agencies by state and by

subject matter. Federal U.S. Attorney’s Offices, State Attorney General’s Offices, and local District

Attorney’s Offices offer excellent prosecutorial and civil and criminal jury trial experience.

The federal government has law-related positions in every agency with the U.S. Department of Justice, and

the U.S. Department of Defense offering some challenging newly created opportunities. Since September

, departments and agencies have been established, like the Department of Homeland Security, and

expanded, like the U.S. Department of Justice Counterterrorism and Counterespionage Sections. Those

interested in security issues might also consider working in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or the

Federal Bureau of Investigation. Lesser known federal agencies also provide some excellent opportunities in

the areas of public policy formulation and implementation, regulatory oversight, enforcement, and trial

experience. These include the Federal Trade Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission,

Conservative Guide 2007

Department of Labor, Department of Education, Department of Energy, Department of Environmental

Protection, and Health and Human Services. OPIA has a number of publications that list opportunities with

the federal government, including The University of Arizona Government Honors Handbook.

If you are interested in financial policy and international economic development the Department of Treasury,

Federal Reserve Board, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the World Bank, the Overseas Private

Investment Corporation, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, the U.S. Agency for International

Development and the Trade Development Agency offer interesting opportunities nationally and

internationally. Consult OPIA’s Volume II of Serving the Public: a Job Search Guide for a more complete listing.

Also, for HLS students, be sure to utilize the OPIA resources, particularly the visiting Wasserstein Fellows.

• Serve as a legislative or congressional legal intern – Congressional internships are available through

members of Congress and other governmental organizations. They are extremely competitive but not

impossible, and a well-focused effort to obtain one of these prestigious internships is well worth the effort.

Applications for congressional internships can be made directly to members of the House and Senate.

Application for an internship with a congressional committee, an informal congressional organization, or a

party organization should be made to the committee or to individual members of the committee. See the

narratives in this Guide of Paul Taylor, and Kathryn Biber Chen for some excellent insight on the benefits of

congressional internships.

The Committee on the Judiciary sponsors an internship program that offers law students opportunities with

the Full Committee, the Subcommittees on Courts, the Internet, Intellectual Property, the Constitution,

Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, or the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security and

Claims. As there is a majority and minority side, applicants are strongly encouraged to apply with the office

that most appropriately reflects their views. Interested students should call the House Judiciary Committee at

202-225-3951 or the House Subcommittee on the Constitution at 202-226-7680 for more information.

The Congressional Yellow Book and the Congressional Directory in the OPIA Resource Center are also excellent

resources for information. Online information is available as well by contacting your State web site, or by e-

mail at www.house.gov or www.senate.gov. Congressional internships are also available through universities

and private organizations. Several congressional committees and caucuses which have longstanding

internship programs are:

House Committee on the Budget

House Committee on the Judiciary

House Subcommittee on the Constitution

House Republican Policy Committee

Republican Policy Committee (Senate)

Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee

If you are interested in Foreign Relations and National Security you should consider the House Armed

Services Committee, Homeland Security Committee, Intelligence Committee and the Senate Armed Services

Committee, Foreign Relations Committee and Intelligence Committee. Internships are also available in

congressional support agencies such as the Congressional Budget Office, the Congressional Research Center,

and the General Accounting Office. Look for representatives of these agencies at the on-campus recruiting

events. It is important to note that several Republican Harvard Law School graduates serve in the U.S.

Senate and House including Senator Elizabeth Dole of North Carolina, Rep. Tom Petri of Wisconsin and

Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska, the longest serving Republican in the Senate. Historically, of the 48

Congressional members of Congress that graduated from HLS, only 19 were Republican. The best way to

assure an opportunity of working on the Hill is to contact your own state or federal legislators directly for

further information.

Conservative Guide 2007

• Serve on a Public Board, Commission or Advisory Committee

The federal government has hundreds of boards and commissions that provide an opportunity to serve the

public interest without committing to a full time position. These are often appointed positions through the

White House Presidential Personnel Office. Interested applicants can apply directly to this Office at The

White House, Washington, D.C. 20502 or by calling 202-456-9713. Complete information is available

through the Official website at www.whitehouse.gov. Some Commissions are bi-partisan by legislative

mandate, others are open to the discretion of the Appointing Authority similar to federal judicial

appointments. A partial listing of these Boards can be found at

www.usa.gov/Agencies/Federal/Boards.shtml. Presidential appointments are an ongoing effort. Some

appointments will require Senate confirmation. These appointments include positions throughout the federal

government, for the Cabinet and subcabinet, for members of regulatory commissions, for ambassadorships,

for judgeships and for members of numerous advisory boards.

The most popular appointments for conservatives include the Commission on International Religious

Freedom, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities

of the United States, Committee on Foreign Investments in the United States, the President’s Council on

Integrity and Efficiency, the Taxpayer Advocacy Council, The White House Commission on Presidential

Scholars, the Civil Rights Commission, and the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission. As Administrations

change, boards and commissions can also change to comport with the mission and goals of the

Administration.

All states have appointment opportunities as well. At the state level Republican governors tend to prefer

commissions that address economic and taxpayer concerns, while Democrat governors may establish

commissions to deal with social service concerns and expanded government services. The Judicial

Nominating Committee is one way to be involved in your local government as well as Commissions that

advice the governor on tax, energy and regulatory policy.

• Research, Learn About and Connect with Public Policy Experts – The Kennedy School of Government

and the Harvard Business School are excellent sources for public policy experts as are colleges and

universities. In addition, review the Heritage Foundation’s 2006 Insider’s Guide to Public Policy Experts and

Organizations referenced above. On the international level, excellent resources include the Global Reporting

Network (GRN) at New York University’s Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, and a guide

to expert directories is maintained by various research and policy organizations. Policy expert lists are also

maintained by the leading research institutes, the American Enterprise Institute and Brookings Institution in

Washington, D.C.

• Join the Federalist Society or other Conservative/Libertarian Public Policy Organizations – Harvard

Law School alumni agree on one thing, and that is the value of membership in the Federalist Society for

executive, legislative and judicial branch connections, as well as networking opportunities with Washington’s

best known public policy think tanks and research institutes. The Federalist Society for Law and Public

Policy Studies is a D.C. based group of conservatives and libertarians interested in the current state of the

legal order. Student chapters exist at HLS and most other law schools throughout the country. Harvard Law

School presently has one of the largest student memberships in the country. It is founded on the principles

that the state exists to preserve freedom, that the separation of governmental powers is central to our

Constitution, and that it is emphatically the province and duty of the judiciary to say what the law is, not what

it should be. In working to achieve these goals, the Society has created a conservative and libertarian

intellectual network that extends to all levels of the legal community. The Harvard Society sponsors debates

between prominent legal scholars, hosts discussions with professors, and assists its members in securing

judicial clerkships. Not to be missed is the Society’s annual National Lawyers Convention in mid-November

in Washington, D.C. In addition to the Federalist Society, there are other student practice groups, special

interest groups, clinical practice organizations, service organizations, student publications and social groups at

HLS. Among the most popular for students interested in conservative public interest law are the HLS

Republicans, the Abigail Adams Society, the Consortium on Global Leadership, the National Security and

Law Association, the Society for Law, Life & Religion, and the Forum on Local Government and Politics.

Select Courses Useful in Public Interest La

Harvard Law School offers one of the largest

selections of courses of any law school in the country

in a variety of areas relevant to public policy and

conservative public interest law. Highlighted below

are some of the more important courses for

understanding the origins of conservative and

libertarian views or learning important lawyering or

leadership skills. Note that these courses are not

always available and for the most recent course

listing, you should contact the Registrar’s Office.

Essential courses for all public interest lawyers are

Constitutional Law, Federal Litigation, and Federal

Courts. Other courses include:

Administrative Law

Introduction to Civil Advocacy – The Lawyering Process

Trial Advocacy Workshop

Corporate Law and Political Economy

Economics of Regulation and Antitrust

Abraham Lincoln and the Constitution

International Law: Transnational Legal Problems

Advanced Constitutional Law

Church and State

Lawyering in the Public Interest: Innovative Practices and

Advanced Lawyering Skills

Leadership in the Public Sector

Democratic Theory and Election Law

Federal Courts and the Federal System

Local Government Law

Legal History: Politics and Markets in American History

Historical Perspectives on Constitutional Design

Public Lawyering

Law of Democracy

Law and Public Policy

American Legal Realism

Antitrust Law

Appellate Courts and Advocacy Workshop

Comparative Constitutional Law: Governance in US and

Western Europe

Contemporary Issues in law and Politics

Emergencies and the Law: Terrorism, Economic

Depression, and Natural Disasters Seminar

Federal Budget Policy Seminar

Federal Courts and the Federal System

Federal Criminal Law

Financial Regulation in a Global Economy

Foreign Relations and Constitutional Structure

Foreign Relations Law

The Government Lawyer

Introduction to Advocacy: Prosecution Perspectives

Law and Economics

Israel/Palestine Legal Issues Seminar

Economic Analysis of the Law

• Participate in Conservative/Libertarian

Centers on Regulatory Reform – There are

unique opportunities to publish and participate

in conservative/libertarian studies on

regulations and rulemaking. A good illustration

is The AEI-Brookings Joint Center for

Regulatory Studies. The Center produces

analysis of federal regulations and rulemaking

proposals through the use of cost-benefit

analysis and private-market alternatives to

government “command and control,” and

studies of regulatory programs and their

economic consequences. Pioneer Institute’s

Center for Economic Opportunity (CEO)

seeks to keep Massachusetts competitive by

promoting transparent regulation and small

business creation in urban areas, and has

numerous projects where they welcome

participation.

• Experience a Clinical or Pro Bono Program

– HLS Office of Clinical and Pro Bono

Programs offers a diversity of public service

clinical experiences in many substantive areas

and for national and international public

interest organizations, and it is an ideal time to

gain hands-on experience in managing large

caseloads. The Clinical Program website at

www.law.harvard.edu/academics/clinical/

provides an excellent overview of the

opportunities available during your law school

career. Clinical experiences that would provide

an excellent overview for

conservative/libertarian public interest work

include the following:

New Clinical Programs:

Educational Policy Making

Government Lawyer B

DHS Counterterrorism Clinical Project

Additional Opportunities

U.S. Attorney’s Offices

Department of Defense

Center for Individual Rights

Family Research Council

Institute For Justice

State Government Agencies

New England Legal Foundation

WilmerHale Legal Services Center Community

Enterprise Project, Individual Rights Unit

Conservative Guide 2007

• Write for a Journal - One of the most prestigious conservative public interest law journals is the Harvard

Journal of Law & Public Policy. Although the Harvard Society publishes the Journal three times annually for

Law & Public Policy, Inc., exclusively private charitable contributions and subscription revenues fund the

Journal. Review the recent articles, and the recent developments of the Supreme Court in each edition to

learn more about the current issues and trends in conservative public interest law. Other excellent student

journals include the Harvard Law Review, International Law Journal, Journal of Law & Technology and the Journal on

Legislation.

• Work for a Campaign and Election – Campaigns both at the local and national level are a great way to

become involved in conservative and libertarian public interest law issues. An excellent summary of

campaign work, the hiring process, summer and post-grad employment, and common functions of political

campaigns can be found in OPIA’s Guide to Political Campaigns, “One State, Two State, Red State, Blue

State.” This is a particularly exciting time with Presidential conventions and elections coming up in 2008.

You can offer to volunteer at the Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, Minnesota in August 2008,

or better yet contact your local State Republican Party to learn how you can become a convention delegate

and participate in the rules and platform committees. There are often policy issues that need to be researched

to prepare the candidate’s platform. On the local level you can contact the campaigns of the candidates

directly. Each state also has a state committee that often needs assistance in fielding candidate’s offices. On

the national level, the Republican National Committee, the National Republican Senatorial Committee, the

National Republican Congressional Committee, or the Young Republicans can assist you in identifying a

campaign that best directs your interests and talents. These committees also offer a limited number of

summer internships if you contact them in the fall of the prior year. Kathryn Biber Chen’s narrative and Ted

Cruz’s narrative in this Guide provides some great insight into the benefits of working for a presidential

campaign. Sarah Isgur ’09 describes her day to day work in the Mitt Romney Presidential Campaign as

involving contracts with consultants and fundraisers, state specific election law research, and state surveys on

ballot access. As she explains on the day of Governor Romney’s official announcement of his candidacy for

President, “when it all came together in Michigan and we all watched it together in the war room, it was

remarkable.”

• Research for a Professor – Several HLS professors’ research constitutional and federal court issues. Review

the course descriptions to identify the professors who could best guide you on opportunities in conservative

and libertarian public interest law. Professor Charles Fried, former US Solicitor General and Associate

Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, has published numerous scholarly articles and books on the

Constitution, the Supreme Court, and federalism, and his research interests include constitutional law, expert

evidence, and legal and moral philosophy. Professor Jack Goldsmith, former Assistant Attorney General in

the Office of Legal Counsel at the U.S. Department of Justice and a visiting scholar at AEI, has published

several scholarly articles on international law, sovereignty, and intelligence reform. His research interests

include civil procedure, conflict of laws, foreign relations law, international law, and national security

law. Professor Howell Jackson, former consultant to the United States Treasury Department and adviser to

the United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank/International Monetary Fund is the

author of scholarly articles on the regulation of financial institutions, securities regulation, international

finance and the structure of federal spending. His research interests include federal budget policy,

international finance, regulation of financial institutions and markets and social security reform. Additionally,

there are several professors at Harvard University who are more than happy to advise students. Professor

Jeffrey Miron, a visiting professor in the Economics Department, teaches on the libertarian view of

economics, researching in particular the economics of illegal drugs. Professor Harvey Mansfield, a member

of the Government Department, studies and teaches on political philosophy and specializes in constitutional

political science and theories of executive power.

• In addition to full time faculty, HLS also has

a number of visiting and adjunct faculty that

research and publish conservative and

libertarian articles for highly regarded

journals and law reviews. Professor Steven

G. Calabresi is a former Resident Scholar at

Harvard Law School from Northwestern

University School of Law. Professor

Calabresi is a founding member of the

Federalist Society and has written extensively

on originalism, the separation of powers and

the Presidency.

Read Conservative and Libertarian Documents, Books, and Journal Articles

Some excellent sources to learn more about the conservative and libertarian

philosophies include:

• The Federal Constitution

• The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and

John Jay

• The Declaration of Independence

• Common Sense by Thomas Paine

• Democracy in America by Thomas Paine

• Second Treatise of Government by John Locke

• On Liberty by John Stuart Mill

• The Legacy of the Federalist Papers, 16 Harv.J.L. and Pub. Policy 1 (1993)

• Libertarianism, A Primer, by David Boaz available through the Cato

Institute

• The Shadow University, the Betrayal of Liberty on America’s Campuses, by

Alan Charles Kors and Harvey A. Silvergate

• The Founders’ Almanac, edited by Matthew Spalding and published by

the Heritage Foundation

• The Rule of Law in America by Ronald A. Cass

• The Majesty of the Law by Justice Sandra Day O’Connor

• Charles Fried, “Comment-Five to Four: Reflections on the School Voucher

Case,” 116 Harvard Law Review 163 (2002)

• Charles Fried, “An Unreasonable Reaction to a Reasonable Decision,” Bush v.

Gore: The Questions of Legitimacy, ed. Bruce Ackerman (Yale University

Press, 2002).

• Randy Barnett, The Structure of Liberty: Justice and the Rule of Law,

Oxford Univ. Press

• The Heritage Guide to the Constitution by Edwin Meese

• Reading the Right Books: A Guide for the Intelligent Conservative, Edited by

Lee Edwards

• Justice Overruled by Burton Katz

• The Political Writings of Rufus Choate

• Conservatism in America since 1930 by Gregory Schneider

•

A Matter of Interpretation by Antonin Scalia

• Rights and Duties: Reflections on Our Conservative Constitution by Russell

Kirk

• Overcoming Law by Richard A. Posner

• The Founder’s Constitution by Philip B. Kurland

• A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism by Hans-Herman Hopee

• Human Action by Ludwig von Mises

• Voucher Wars by Clint Bolick

• The Ethics of Liberty by Murray N. Rothbard

• Time Will Run Back by Henry Hazlitt

• The Free Market Reader: Essays in the Economics of Liberty by Llewellyn J.

Rockwell

• The Law by Frederic Bastiat

• Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman

• The Market for Liberty by Linda and Morris Tannehill

• The Sovereign States: Notes of a Citizen of Virginia by James K. Kilpatrick

• The Libertarian Idea by Jan Narveson

• The Age of Reagan: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order 1964-1980 by Steven

F. Hayward

• Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World by Margaret Thatcher

• The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, by Samuel P.

Huntington

• The Conscience of a Conservative by Barry Goldwater

• Roosevelt to Reagan by Michael Barone

• Abraham Lincoln: A Biography by Benjamin Thomas

• Churchill: A Life by Martin Gilbert

• 1984 by George Orwell

• Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand

• God and Man at Yale by William F. Buckley Jr.

• Advise and Consent: A Novel of Washington Politics by Allen Drury

• Network at Harvard both within and

outside HLS through public interest

organizations, law school events, and

Harvard alumni. Explore research centers,

nonprofit organizations, and public policy

institutes located throughout the University.

Review the following web sites to learn

about programs at Harvard University

focusing on policy issues.

Kennedy School of Government

Research Centers

The KSG offers a variety of research

programs and publications in public

policy. The Center for Public Leadership,

the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston,

the Politics Research Group and the

Institute of Politics all offer courses,

programs and great networking

opportunities.

www.ksg.harvard.edu

Weatherhead Center for

International Affairs

The Weatherhead Center is the

international research center within

Harvard University’s Faculty of Arts

and Sciences. The Center sponsors a

wide variety of seminars, research

programs, workshops, and conference

relevant to international economic

policy and international development.

www.wcfia.harvard.edu

Conservative Guide 2007

• Learn About Conservative Jurisprudence - To become familiar with conservative jurisprudence read the

opinions of conservative Court of Appeals judges including, Judge Edith Jones of the 5

Circuit, Judge Alex

Kozinski of the 9

Circuit, Chief Judge Frank H. Easterbrook of the 7

Circuit and Judges Douglas H. Ginsburg

and A. Raymond Randolph of the D.C. Circuit. Chief Judge Loren A. Smith of the United States Court of

Federal Claims is a devoted federalist and expert on judicialization of the administrative process. Justice Scalia’s

opinions always provoke interesting discussion particularly his well-reasoned and often controversial dissents;

Justice Clarence Thomas is often regarded as the most conservative justice on the Supreme Court. With the

appointments of Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito, conservative jurisprudence will prosper with seven of

the current Justices of the court appointed by Republican Presidents. Opportunities are numerous to connect

with conservative judges at Federalist Society Conferences, and programs offered through the many public

interest organizations included herein. For information on state and federal clerkships see the OPIA Serving the

Public: A Job Search Guide, 2006-2007.

• Harvard Law School Alumni and Legal Scholars

Harvard Law School provides access to HLS alumni working in conservative public policy positions through its

extensive alumni database. Several alumni have contributed to the narratives in this Guide, and are a great

resource for obtaining information about summer public interest internships and post-graduate opportunities.

HLS alums can be found throughout the federal government, and several of them are involved with the public

policy nonprofits listed in this Guide. The Federalist Society, the American Enterprise Institute, and the Heritage

Foundation have many conservative legal scholars who willingly share their knowledge and resources for

conservative/libertarian public interest opportunities.

PERSONAL NARRATIVES

TED CRUZ ’95 – Solicitor General, Texas

Because politics and the law have always been a part of my life, it’s difficult to point to where my interest in public

service began. As the son of an immigrant who was extremely active during the Cuban Revolution, I grew up

discussing politics at the dinner table, and so when it came time to choose a career, it seemed natural to go to law

school, where I wrote for the Harvard Law Review and the Journal on Public Policy and Politics. After graduating, I

clerked for two judges: Judge Michael Luttig on the Fourth Circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals, and the late Chief

Justice William H. Rehnquist on the U.S. Supreme Court.

After finishing my clerkships, I had a strong desire to work in federal government, and so I served as Domestic

Policy Advisor to President George W. Bush on the Bush-Cheney campaign, advising President Bush on a wide

range of policy and legal matters, including civil justice, criminal justice, constitutional law, immigration, and

government reform. During the infamous Florida presidential recount that ensued, I helped assemble the Bush legal

team, devising legal strategy and drafting pleadings in the Florida and U.S. Supreme Courts. After President Bush

successfully took office, I was appointed as an Associate Deputy Attorney General at the Department of Justice

before serving as the Director of the Office of Policy Planning for the Federal Trade Commission.

Since 2003, I have been serving as the Solicitor General for the state of Texas, and as a litigator, I have authored over

seventy U.S. Supreme Court briefs and presented twenty-six oral arguments, including six in the U.S. Supreme Court.

My team of appellate lawyers handles a variety of issues like Texas school finance, the Pledge of Allegiance,

congressional redistricting, the death penalty, due process, and abortion policies, and honestly, my job is a lot of fun.

It’s hard to think of a more challenging and rewarding career than representing the state of Texas, and in the long

term, I believe that politics and political involvement can make a real difference in people’s lives.

The best advice I can give to prospective appellate lawyers is to continuously practice and prepare. Swim in your

cases and research them relentlessly. Read the briefs other parties have filed and devour the record. Practice moots as

often as possible and don’t be afraid to take a few hits because appellate cases often will leave you battled and

bloody. Most of all, no matter what happens, never compromise your principles because your credibility is the single

most important asset that you have. If justices don’t trust what you’re saying in court, you’re doomed. Lastly,

evolving into the best lawyer that you can be is a lifelong experience of learning and watching those who excel at

their craft. Be patient and always on the look-out for mentors and teachers who can give you a better view of the law.

KATHRYN BIBER CHEN ’04 – General Counsel, Romney for President Campaign

I was involved in politics beginning in college and continuing in the years between college and law school. After

working on the Bush-Cheney effort in 2000, I served in the public affairs office at the Department of Justice until I

started law school in late 2001. While in law school, I was president of the HLS Republicans, Executive Editor of

the Journal on Law and Public Policy, and active in the Federalist Society. I also chaired the Media/Communications

committee of the Public Interest Auction. After graduation, it seemed natural to marry my love of politics with my

love of the law. Election law is a fairly narrow and cyclical field, but it is a terrific way to contribute your legal skills

to the issues and causes you care about.

During my years in law school and since, I’ve worked at the Republican National Committee, the Department of

Justice, and for various members of Congress such as Senator Kit Bond (R-MO), then-Senator John Ashcroft (R-

MO), and Representative Jo Ann Emerson (R-MO8). I also served in the general counsel’s office at Bush-Cheney

’04.

Currently, I am the general counsel to the Romney for President Campaign. As

general counsel of the Romney campaign, I manage the campaign’s in-house

legal office. As you might imagine, my primary responsibility is overseeing our

federal and state election law compliance. However, a large portion of my job

requires me to deal with the broad range of legal issues that any Massachusetts

corporation would face (e.g. tax, corporate, employment, trademark/copyright,

etc.)

Conservative Guide 2007

My primary specialty is election law, which means I have counseled clients on

Federal Election Commission and Internal Revenue Service regulations, state

disclosure rules, and state and federal ethics laws. I have worked for numerous

campaigns, including the 2000 Bush-Cheney effort, Bush-Cheney ’04, and multiple House, gubernatorial, and Senate

races. Prior to law school, I also served as assistant press secretary to Senator Kit Bond during his 1998 reelection

battle and as a press assistant to Attorney General John Ashcroft shortly after he took the reins of DOJ.

A savvy election lawyer

recognizes that a political

operative’s initial plan runs

afoul of the law, but then

goes the extra step of

crafting a way to reach the

campaign’s goal while

staying legal at the same

time.

Kathryn Biber Chen ’04

The best part of my job – and previous ones, as well – is helping the campaign reach its goals within the restraints of

the law. A lazy election lawyer says “no, you can’t do that, it’s illegal.” The best skill a young lawyer can develop is

an attention to detail and accuracy. The law can be learned on the fly, but ingrained sloppiness can rarely be erased.

Beginning in law school and at summer jobs, give every project your best effort, and never attempt to take a shortcut.

I’ve seen smart young law students derailed because they were just a little too careless.

Second, although this advice goes against what seems to be a developing trend in the field at large, I urge law

students to develop “generalist” skills. When I am hiring people, I look for individuals who can draft a contract,

negotiate a lease, answer an employment question, or review an FEC report. This model may be a little outdated, but

it’s the best way to be successful as an in-house attorney. Even at a law firm, clients often demand that you step

outside your “specialty” comfort zone, so you should be prepared to do so.

Third, despite the self-importance of many in the field of law, law students must realize “the law” does not exist in a

vacuum. For instance, the average political or nonprofit client must balance a wide variety of divergent interests:

cost, public attention, and legal imperatives. Sometimes the best public relations choice is the worst legal choice, and

vice versa. Sometimes you will have to explain to a client that they must comply with the law despite their desire to

bend it. In short, don’t be a lawyer fit to be parodied in Dilbert. It is your job as an attorney to understand your

client’s mentality and specific needs when offering advice, and to approach problems with a dose of common sense.

Conservative Guide 2007

One HLS law clerk I supervised last semester understood this principle with a maturity beyond his years. I had asked

him to research an arcane issue of state law and produce an answer to a difficult question. A less experienced law

clerk would have stopped after finding the correct statutory provision. He did not. He unearthed ancient attorney

general opinions, located multiple court cases that other law clerks did not find, found relevant newspaper articles

involving other politicians, and ultimately arrived at an answer belying his then-minimal legal training. Instead of

simply following a standard research checklist, he recognized the political realities the campaign faced and proposed

an answer that was legally correct but also not politically foolhardy. It took a mature student to synthesize these

sometimes divergent goals.

Fourth, recognize that firms are not practitioners of the Dark Arts. They are often terrific places to gain training,

witness the press of demanding partners, and understand what it is like to engage in client service. Contrary to

popular belief, it’s even possible to work for the issues and causes you care about from an associate office. Prior to

joining the campaign I was an associate at the Washington law firm of Patton Boggs, and some of the best

experiences I’ve had as a lawyer took place during my time there.

Finally, – and I realize this may seem trite, but it’s important – I advise all students to seek advice from those who

have gone before them. I have found success in politics not because I am a genius, but because I have had the help

of several generous and wise mentors along the way. Similarly, once you have reached a point where you can offer

assistance to others, it is your responsibility to do so. I spend a lot of time fielding phone calls from law students or

young political hacks interested in law school, and I make it a point to help talented people succeed.

Honestly, the reason I love my job so much is that my answer to this question will change on a weekly basis. I

frequently come home from work having had the “best” day I’ve ever had professionally, and my goal is for this to

continue for the rest of my career.

MICHAEL ROSMAN, Yale Law ’94 – Chief Counsel, Center for Individual Rights

After finishing law school and spending 9 years in private practice in New York, I sort of came into my current job

by happenstance. I was having a conversation with the then Executive Director of the Center for Individual Rights

(CIR), Michael Greve, and he recommended for me to apply for a position, and, after an interview and discussion

with him, I decided it would be a good change for me. About a year and a half later, I was promoted to chief counsel

where I have been for the past several years.

CIR is a public interest law firm that specializes in free speech and civil rights litigation, and during my time here, we

have filed briefs and argued in court over a tremendous variety of issues, including race preferences in university

admissions (Gratz v. Bollinger, Grutter v. Bollinger, Hopwood v. Texas, BAMN v. Granholm in the 6th Circuit) and

limited federal powers (United States v. Morrison). Litigation in politically-charged cases has the disadvantage of

making many of the litigation skills I’ve developed over the years relatively unimportant. Frequently, the results of

any case depend more on the luck of the judicial draw rather than my skill as an attorney. For example, in cases that

concern race-based or sex-based preferences in distributing government benefits, many judges already have

preconceived notions of the propriety of what is often referred to as “affirmative action” (even though that phrase is

somewhat misapplied for that purpose). It is often difficult to move them from those preconceived positions

regardless of one’s skill.

Nevertheless, one of the highlights of my time at CIR was getting the opportunity to argue before the Supreme Court

in United States v. Morrison. The decision examined the limits of Congress’s power to make laws under the

Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution and ruled that a controversial piece of

legislation was unconstitutional because it was an overextension of congressional power.

A “typical day” usually involves a good deal of reading and writing of one kind or another, and communicating with

other attorneys through e-mail and by telephone. We have attorney meetings here at CIR, but there are days, not all

that infrequent, when we do not necessarily have a great deal of contact with one another because we are working on

different things.

For prospective public interest lawyers, litigation skills of all kinds (taking depositions, oral arguments, writing briefs)

are important. I might emphasize taking a course or courses in Constitutional Torts, the scope of 42 U.S.C. sect.

1983, and attorney-fee shifting statutes like 42 U.S.C. sect. 1988. Other than that, general litigation skills and an

understanding of civil procedure are important, including knowledge of jurisdiction, and the rules of evidence. Since

constitutional litigation is usually not very fact intensive, the ability to write well and analyze cases are probably the

most important skills to develop. One can do that in a variety of settings, including government work and large firm

practice.

JENNIFER BRADLEY ’09 – Office of the Solicitor General, Office of Legal Policy at the Department of

Justice, Summer Intern

After graduating from college, I worked in DC as a research assistant to an HLS grad, who at the time was

specializing in bioethics and human rights. Living in Washington and working with him that year really allowed me

to begin to see all of the great things lawyers can do for the public and all of the doors that a J.D. opens. During my

first year at Harvard Law School, I got involved with Harvard Defenders and I focused my summer job search solely

on government work, because of my strong interest in public interest law.

This summer I worked first at the Office of Legal Policy (OLP), and then at the Office of the Solicitor General

(OSG), both at the Department of Justice. Although a small office, OLP takes a leading role in vetting nominees to

the federal bench, and each of its attorneys also has developed expertise in particular policy areas that are priorities

for the government. Each attorney comments on proposed legislation falling within his or her area of expertise and

collaborates with representatives of other governmental agencies

to develop a coherent and coordinated government response to

issues such as human trafficking, ID theft, and immigration.

OSG’s attorneys are best known for representing the government

in the Supreme Court. The office is also responsible for preparing

amicus briefs for cases in which the government is not a party, but

has a substantial interest, for making recommendations to the

Supreme Court regarding cases in which cert ought to be granted,

and for making the final decision on whether to appeal cases in

which the government has lost in a lower court. While at OLP, the

issue on which I worked most was human trafficking. Combating human trafficking both domestically and

internationally is a major priority for the administration, and offices and agencies across the government have been

making a concerted effort to fight this form of modern-day slavery. I worked on updating the annual Assessment of

U.S. Government Efforts to Combat Trafficking, in Persons, which is coordinated and compiled by OLP, and I was

able to attend a Congressional briefing on the issue as well as a welcome luncheon for the State Department’s new

anti-trafficking Ambassador. Since switching over to OSG, I’ve contributed research on a variety of issues for

several briefs that will be filed in cases heard at the Supreme Court this term. Probably the best-known issue on

which I’ve gotten to spend some time is the Bush administration’s Terrorist Surveillance Program. The program is

being challenged in the Ninth Circuit in a case called Hepting v. AT&T; because of its obvious sensitivity and high

priority, the government has intervened and OSG is participating in the case.

“The attorneys I’ve met are highly skilled

and have incredibly impressive

backgrounds, and many of them left very

lucrative jobs in law firms – in some

cases, left firms at which they’d made

partner – in order to work for the

American people…”

Jennifer Bradley ’09

I’ve been very impressed by the dedication of the lawyers with whom I’ve worked at DOJ this summer. The

attorneys I’ve met are highly skilled and have incredibly impressive backgrounds, and many of them left very lucrative

jobs in law firms – in some cases, left firms at which they’d made partner – in order to work for the American people

at a much lower salary and without all of the perks that are a standard part of the law firm lifestyle. They are

enthusiastic about their work and don’t ever seem to regret making the choices that they have, and I think for me

that has been the greatest testament to the importance of public interest work.

Conservative Guide 2007

CLINT BOLICK, University of California, Davis Law ’82 - Director for the Center of Constitutional

Litigation, Goldwater Institute, Phoenix, AZ

My interest in public interest impact litigation began when I fell in love with Constitutional Law as an undergraduate.

Once I entered law school, I learned as much as I could by participating heavily in moot court, clerking for the

Pacific Legal Foundation, taking Local Government, and clerking for a state trial judge. After law school, I started my

first job as an attorney at the Mountain States Legal Foundation before moving on to become a Special Assistant at

the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. During my career, I have also spent time at the Civil Rights

Division of the Department of Justice, the Landmark Legal Foundation Center for Civil Rights, the Institute for

Justice, and the Alliance for School Choice.

Currently I am serving at the Goldwater Institute as the Director for the

Center of Constitutional Litigation in Arizona. The Center of Constitutional

Litigation is a libertarian policy organization that litigates state constitutional

issues on the issues of school choice, the barriers to entrepreneurship, eminent

domain, and racial classification.

Conservative Guide 2007

For students interested in libertarian policy litigation, we have summer clerks

and externs during the school year. A good grasp of constitutional law,

excellent research skills, and an understanding of the practicalities of litigation

are useful. In addition, I have written a book called Voucher Wars: Waging the Legal Battle over School Choice,

which is a primer on public interest litigation. It is sometimes difficult to transition from public interest law to

private sector law, but generally the converse is not true, so long as you don’t lose your creativity and passion along

the way.

The favorite part of my job is

that I am attempting to trail-

blaze in state constitutional

law. Arguing in the US

Supreme Court and

representing David’s against

Goliath is a total rush.

Clint Bolick

The favorite part of my job is that I am attempting to trail-blaze in state constitutional law. Arguing in the US

Supreme Court and representing David’s against Goliath is a total rush! Walking the hallways of inner-city private

schools and watching kids do well who previously were written off by the system---and knowing that I had

something to do with protecting their right to be there---is enormously gratifying. The payoff in public interest law is

psychological, but I wouldn’t trade it for any other remuneration.

PAUL TAYLOR ’94 – Chief Minority Counsel for the House Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on the

Constitution

I was always interested in public policy, starting in college where I majored in Political Science. During law school, I

was an Executive Editor for the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, which during my third year published an article

of mine concerning the reform of the law of punitive damages. After graduating from law school, I became a

Counsel for the House Subcommittee on the Constitution in 1999, and in 2003, I became Chief Counsel of the

Constitution Subcommittee, where I have been the Chief Republican Counsel since January, 2007.

As Chief Republican Counsel for the Constitution Subcommittee, I draft legislative text, amendments, committee

reports, and other informational materials for Republicans and their staffs. The issues within the jurisdiction of the

Subcommittee include ethics reform, voting and civil rights, religious liberty, free speech, property rights, and other

issues with constitutional law components. I also handle legal reform issues for the Republicans on the full House

Judiciary Committee. At the subcommittee, I work on issues related to the protection of property rights, initiatives to

ensure that religious organizations are allowed to compete for federal social service funds on an equal basis with non-

religious organizations, among other things. I also work on issues related to legal reform and litigation management.

Generally, legislation receives a hearing and a markup at a subcommittee before legislation is marked up at the full

committee. Counsels help draft legislation, or amendments to legislation, write and research legislative Committee

Reports (the documents that embody the Committee’s official view on legislation), and generally educate Members

and their staffs regarding the need for and significance of various pieces of legislation. If legislation is favorably

reported out by the full committee, subcommittee counsels who have worked on the legislation generally facilitate its

progress through the House of Representatives, often culminating in a vote on the legislation by the full House and a

potential subsequent conference with the Senate. Subcommittees also conduct oversight, which may involve sending

information requests to various federal agencies, and the holding of hearings to gather information.

I have helped shepherd the following pieces of legislation through Congress, all of which were enacted into law: the

SAFETY Act (part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which provides legal protection for manufacturers of anti-

terrorism technologies to encourage their more widespread deployment); the 2006 reauthorization of the Voting

Rights Act (which prevents discrimination in voting); the Unborn Victims of Violence Act (which makes murdering

an unborn child during the commission of a federal violent crime subject to a separate chargeable offence); the

Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (which protects gun manufacturers from lawsuits in which the alleged

harm was caused not by the gun manufacturers, but by those who criminally or unlawfully misused guns); and the

Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act (which prohibits demonstrations near military funerals on federal property).

The best part of my job is working for principled

Congressional leaders to achieve legislative reforms that

improve the status quo by enhancing individual liberty.

Working for a congressional committee also allows one to

develop a more detailed understanding of specialized legal

issues.

My experience helping get the SAFETY Act enacted has been

especially gratifying for me because it has proven so effective

in encouraging the deployment of anti-terrorism technologies

that it enjoys overwhelming bipartisan support. On January 22, 2007, H.R. 599, a bill directing the Secretary of

Homeland Security to streamline the SAFETY Act and anti-terrorism technology procurement processes to make

the legislation even more effective, passed the House by a vote of 427-0.

“Compromise is inevitable in a democracy,

of course, but in the end it’s not about

winning an argument; it’s about changing

the law to achieve improvements in public

policy that help individuals enjoy greater

freedom.”

Paul Taylor ’94

Speaking and writing clearly are probably the most important skills one can bring to work on Capitol Hill. You can

never be sure you understand something yourself until you can explain even quite complicated legislation to a college

intern and see that they’ve come to understand it themselves. Members need to be thoroughly informed, and often

they need clear, concise information at a moment’s notice. Public interest lawyers working for Congress must ensure

that legislative language reflects the intent of Congress as articulated to the public, while also communicating the

intent of the legislation clearly to courts. Crafting language that is both understandable to the voting public and to

courts is a key part of being an effective public interest lawyer working for Congress. Equally important is an ability

to communicate clearly and effectively. One must be able to transmit comprehensive information quickly to

maximize the chances that legislation will pass. No matter what issues one works on, one should maintain a

document that contains just about everything one knows about the issue, accurately sourced to the relevant source

materials, so it can be drawn on at a moment’s notice.

Political experience is also important in obtaining a position with a Member or a committee on Capitol Hill. That’s

because Members want to have people working for them who share their motivation to accomplish legislative reform

in a political environment. Having particular beliefs that resonate with those of a political party or a Member is often

necessary but not sufficient because only through demonstrated work with political organizations, political

campaigns, and advocacy groups does one show the requisite commitment to turning ideas into results in the political

process.

I would recommend working for several years as a private lawyer before working for a public sector or public policy

organization or institution. That’s because one can most effectively advocate reforms to the legal system if one has

actually worked under the rules that currently govern that legal system and obtained a good understanding of what

works and what doesn’t work in the current system, and why. Also, saving some money, and becoming financially

secure and debt-free, goes a long way toward ensuring a smooth transition from the private sector to the public

sector.

Conservative Guide 2007

BILL SAUNDERS ’80 – Senior Fellow in Bioethics and Human Rights Counsel, The Family Research

Council, Washington, D.C.

The Family Research Council is what may be described as a "pro-family" organization. We work to protect and

defend the family, and to defend human life. My position is senior fellow and director of the Center for Human Life

& Bioethics. I am also human rights legal counsel. My primary focus is in the area of bioethics, but I work on issues

related to abortion and euthanasia as well. We work with Congress and the executive branch to develop, shape and

advance legislation. We also engage in efforts to educate citizens in the various states. I have done a significant

amount of work on religious freedom around the

world, and served on a U.S. delegation to a UN

conference on the family. I have also helped organize,

and have spoken at, several international conferences

on the family. My most memorable experience in

public interest law has been my role in documenting

genocide in Sudan, and in making this an issue of U.S.

public policy. I headed several trips to Sudan to

document the persecution which Christians and others

in the Nuba Mountains and Dinka areas were experiencing at the hands of their own government. We were able to

capture on film the bombing of innocent civilians, and recorded extensive interviews with people who had been

enslaved, including children. Another great part of my work is being centrally involved in the debate over the ethics

of human cloning and stem cell research.

Global religious persecution is one focus of the

Family Research Council in Washington, D.C. Bill

Saunders HLS ’80 headed an FRC-sponsored trips

to Sudan in 1998 and 2000 to document the

persecution which Christians and others in the

Nuba Mountains and Dinka areas are experiencing

at the hands of their own government.

There is no typical day when you work in public interest law! I usually arrive at the office around 7 am and leave

around 6 pm. I might have meetings with Congressional or Administration officials to attend, or have meetings at

the State Department or with other groups with whom I work in coalition. I might review proposed state legislation

or draft the same. Sometimes I review federal legislation or meet with Congressional leaders to discuss crafting a bill

on a particular matter. I might work on an article I am writing, or on a chapter for a book. Or work on one of the

regular columns for several journals and web pages, including National Public Radio’s “Justice Talking.” I might

work on an upcoming lecture to be given in the U.S. or abroad, or on a brief for state or federal court, including the

U.S. Supreme Court. I will meet with my research assistants and interns daily to go over projects. Some days I have

interviews for TV, radio, or newspapers.

Our primary task is developing public arguments and shaping legislation. The most important qualities are intellect

and dedication. A law student should have an internship with us to see if what we do is what she or he wants to do.

By way of background, I joined the Washington Office of the Lawyers

Committee for Human Rights in 1994. While there, I focused primarily on

issues surrounding human rights treaties, religious freedom, and civil society.

I also did significant work on human rights in Egypt, China and Albania.

Three years later, I joined the staff of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights,

where my focus was on religious freedom in the United States. I also worked

in a private firm in D.C., and taught at a law school before my present job. I founded and led a nonprofit relief

organization for many years. I find that all these experiences helped prepare me to do what I am doing. However, as

you can see, it is hard to make this a road map for others. My advice is to follow your heart. Find work that matters

to you. Since doing so means making decisions most others don't make, I'm afraid each has to find his or her own

way. Public interest jobs are few and hard to find. Law firms pay law students handsomely. So a student who wants

to do public interest law has to be willing to sacrifice, and to work his way up. Perseverance and a sense of purpose

are the best tools. It also helps to be in a city like D.C .where many of the jobs are and where one can network.

“Perseverance and a sense of

purpose are the best tools for

public interest work.”

Bill Saunders ’80

HANS BADER ’94 - Senior Counsel, Center For Individual Rights, Washington, D.C.

Conservative Guide 2007

Before law school, I contemplated public interest law, and after several years in the private sector, I left for the

Center for Individual Rights in Washington, D.C. where I used to handle First Amendment cases (freedom of speech

and religion), federalism cases, and challenges to affirmative action policies (under antidiscrimination statutes and the

Equal Protection Clause) before moving onto the Department of Education, where I served as Attorney-Advisor for

the Office of Civil Rights. Since then, I have become Counsel for Special Projects at the Competitive Enterprise

Institute, a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the principles of free enterprise and limited government.

At CEI, I currently am bringing a couple of constitutional lawsuits under obscure provisions of the Constitution: the

Compact Clause (challenging a multi-state tobacco settlement) and the Appointments Clause (challenging a board set

up by the Sarbanes-Oxley law). In addition, I also file amicus briefs with the Supreme Court. This term, I filed one

brief that challenged the Seattle School’s race–based student assignments, which the Supreme court struck down in

June in a 5-to-4 decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 and another one

that supported federal preemption of state banking laws (the Watters v. Wachovia case, which preempted state

regulation in another 5-to-4 decision).

My advice for prospective public interest lawyers is to work long enough in other sectors to get decent training in

how to practice law. Learn practical litigation skills and the federal rules of civil procedure (which heavily influences

most state civil procedure codes). Mastering the rules is dull, but it will save you plenty of pain later on.

Furthermore, learn to write cleanly; get to the point, and don’t let the need to cite cases clutter things up. Many junior

associates and summer interns have writing that is unbelievably turgid, disorganized, or repetitive. Less important,

but still very important, is to learn constitutional and administrative law.

DANIEL LYONS ’05 – New England Legal Foundation, Summer Law Intern

My FYL instructor first suggested public interest work to me as an alternative to spending my first 1L summer in the

stuffy confines of a law firm. Because I knew I would be putting in a lot of firm time in the near future, and because

firm jobs were very hard to come by for 1Ls in Boston this year, I sent a cover letter to the New England Legal

Foundation and received an unpaid summer internship, which I funded through a work study grant. To prepare for

the position, I researched NELF’s main areas of expertise, and worked to develop my legal writing and research skills

during my 1L year. I am currently one of three Law Clerks with the New England Legal Foundation. Each clerk

assists NELF’s three staff attorneys on various litigation-related projects. Each attorney has one active case in the

office, and each also works on a series of side projects and

publications to advance legal discourse in general. The law clerks

divide their time assisting both endeavors.

The primary case NELF is handling is Palazzolo v. Rhode Island, a

landmark property rights case on remand from the US Supreme

Court. Anthony Palazzolo owns 18 acres on Winnapaug Pond in

Rhode Island, which he has been prohibited from developing due to

local wetlands protections regulations. He has challenged the

regulation as an unconstitutional regulatory taking, and is seeking

compensation. The case was before the US Supreme Court in 2001,

where it set a milestone in regulatory takings law by holding that

regulatory takings claims are transferable—i.e., the fact that the

regulation was in effect when the owner bought the property is not

an automatic bar to a regulatory takings claim. The case was originally tried as a Lucas categorical takings claim, but is

now being retried in Rhode Island as a Penn Central balancing test claim, in accordance with US Supreme Court

instructions. I have also been involved in planning two NELF conferences, one on the future of confidential

settlement agreements in the wake of the Catholic Church scandal, and one on modifying union disclosure laws to

match the rigorous reporting requirements that Sarbanes-Oxley requires of corporations. Both are the subject of

pending state and federal legislation. Finally, I have penned or edited several articles that NELF has distributed for

publication, including a piece on proposed changes to Labor Department overtime regulations, and the effects of the

Supreme Court’s decision in Green Tree v. Bazzle on the prospect of class-action arbitration. I am currently drafting a

memo to a senior attorney regarding the “denominator problem” that requires a broad literature search in regulatory

takings cases, the question of how to define the relevant parcel to determine what has been taken by the government.

“Working alongside impassioned and

like-minded attorneys to develop

Anthony Palazzolo’s best strategies to

win his regulatory takings claim is the

most exciting aspect of my internship. I

have taken a substantial interest in

property rights cases, so the chance to

assist the retrial of one of the seminal

cases in takings law was, for me, an

opportunity not to be passed up.”

Daniel Lyons ’05

Conservative Guide 2007

EMILIE KAO ’99 - The Becket Fund for Religious Liberties, Washington, D.C.

After my 1L year, a classmate told me about a women’s legal center in Beijing supported by the Ford Foundation.

Although I had an offer to work for a law firm that summer, I knew that I would probably do that at some point

down the road and that this was a great opportunity to learn about the Chinese legal system. Thanks to financing

from OPIA and the public interest auction, it was a terrific and very humbling learning experience. Working for a

grassroots women’s legal organization allowed me to see what Chinese lawyers face in fighting for women’s rights in

a country where legal consciousness and “rule of law” are still in the early stages. That really shaped my attitude

towards law school during my last two years, so if you have any opportunity early on to do public interest work (and

can manage it financially), it can benefit your career in the long-term, but also

your perspective on what YOU want to learn in law school.

“Working on compensation

claims against Iraq as a legal

officer at the United Nations

Compensation Commission

taught me how much culture

informs the way that we view

law and rights and has also

better prepared me to respond

to attacks on religious freedom

that comes from different

quarters.”

- Emilie Kao ’99

I now work for the Becket Fund for Religious Liberties in Washington D.C.

I’ve been here only two months so my job is still “under construction,” but

essentially I spend about half my time on domestic litigation and the other half

on international advocacy, including litigation, and potentially other

components, like media and government relations. The Becket Fund is

already well known in the United States for its innovative religious liberties

litigation on behalf of all faiths. We believe that religious freedom is a

fundamental human right and our clients represent the entire spectrum of

faith, from Anglicans to Zoroastrians. It’s a terrific vision (in my opinion) and

one that I’m eager to see develop on an international level.

There are so many different kinds of cases that we take on in the name of religious liberty. I couldn’t do justice to

them all, so I’d refer students to the website at www.becketfund.org to get a better idea of the types of cases we

handle. Something that isn’t obvious from the outset is how multi-faceted this organization is. In addition to

litigation that is based in DC, we also have an academic arm, The Becket Institute at Oxford University, which has

sponsored our three international conferences in Rome, Jerusalem, and Prague. The vision of the Becket Fund is

that religious freedom is the institute that brings together scholars and clergy from different faiths to dialogue about

the basis for freedom in their own religious traditions. The fruit of that dialogue is the message that we try to bring

to the court of law, the court of public opinion and the academy.

During my two months here, the organization has had several high-profile cases, all of which can be found on our

website. I am looking forward to getting involved in more of these cases and also to finding new avenues of

advocacy for religious freedom internationally, particularly at the United Nations.

Prior to coming to Becket, I was a legal officer at the United Nations Compensation Commission in Geneva where I

worked on compensation claims against Iraq arising from the invasion of Kuwait. In addition to learning about an

area of international law which I had a strong personal interest in (having majored in Middle Eastern studies as an

undergraduate), it also gave me great exposure to the United Nations and to the “internationalist” perspective. I

think that has been very helpful in teaching me how much culture informs the way that we view law and rights and

has also better prepared me to respond to attacks on religious freedom that come from different quarters.

RAFFI MELKONIAN ’05 – Summer Intern, Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Domestic Security

Section (DSS)

Like many other students, I wanted to use the 1L summer to do something on the public interest side of things so

that I would be able to compare it with private firm life after 2L. I spent my summer working for the Criminal

Division of the Department of Justice, in the Domestic Security Section (DSS). DSS handles violent crime and

immigration related crimes, rather then immigration violations (which are dealt with by what used to be the

Immigration and Naturalization Service). I can’t say I had any special preparation for this position, apart from

vaguely paying attention in Criminal Law.

Conservative Guide 2007

As a summer intern I shared a comfortable, if windowless office, with a fellow intern. My work often involved calling

or visiting other lawyers, sometimes in other parts of the government bureaucracy (at Department of Homeland

Security, for example). Very often a lawyer would come by my office with a little something to do as well, though the

office policy was that larger projects would be funneled through the coordinator (actually a senior litigator) just to

assure an even distribution of work. A couple of times a week, I was also taken out for coffee, or perhaps even lunch.

The most important case I worked on this summer is the Texas alien smuggling murder case, where 18 illegal aliens

were killed when trapped in a hot truck for hours. DSS was helping prosecute the alien smugglers, seeking the death

penalty under the appropriate criminal statute. I largely worked on motions to potentially bring the prosecution to

Washington, D.C. Interestingly, I learned that the Texas alien smuggling case is sort of symptomatic, if only in a

symbolic way, of the new trend in alien smuggling. Because of increased Coast Guard awareness off our own seas,

South American alien smugglers have gone to using a circuitous route from the continent to Mexico by ship, and

then through Mexico by truck. This has resulted in a steadily increasing number of such deaths, and an increasing

opportunity for the death penalty to be requested by federal prosecutors.

Although there are many experiences to relate from my summer at DOJ one stands out. One of the grimmer (but

still friendly) lawyers came by my office one day and threw a brief at my desk. I looked at the motion and after

reading all the cases cited, I realized very little of it made any sense at all. Actually, it seemed to me like complete

nonsense, as if a third grader had written it or something. But being a law student, I wasn’t sure, and so I spent

another couple of hours on it before giving up and going over to tell her that I didn’t understand any of it.

Thankfully, she looked up, squinted at me, and sort of said something like “yeah. That’s what I thought. It’s awful.”

We ended up writing a response that mostly restated the Restatement of Contracts. My role by the end mainly

consisted of moderating the actual lawyer’s rather angry prose.

As to the political and policy side of working at DOJ, DSS both on its own volition, and due to commands coming

down from the top of DOJ is aggressive as to its mission. Nor does it shrink from demanding high penalties for

crime. Regardless of your political views, being in an office with great lawyers was really helpful. The least

experienced prosecutor had 16 years of experience, and you can really absorb a lot of good knowledge. They were

also fantastic people. They treated all the interns and other support staff with a lot of respect (and kindness), and they

made sure we two law clerks got excellent work. I would highly recommend a summer internship at DOJ.

LEE RUDOFSKY ’05 - Legal Intern, White House Counsel’s Office

As a legal intern in the office of the Counsel to the President of the United States, I assisted the nine Associate

Counsels to the President in research and analysis on various issues of current importance. My work in the Public

International Law course I took at Harvard allowed me to help out the White House Counsel’s office in the area of

foreign relations, international agreements, and free trade. Additionally, my membership in the Harvard Law School

Republicans, the Federalist Society, and the Journal of Law and Public Policy helped expose me to many of the

current legal/political issues I would be dealing with in this position.

The best part of working at the White House Counsel’s office is that you never know what issues are going to arise.

Your work deals with almost every area of government imaginable. The typical workday at the White House for

interns is from 8 AM until 6 PM. Other than the hours, no day is typical. Your work really depends upon what the

White House Counsels need at a given moment – it is very reactive. One hour might be spent answering

correspondence. The next hour you might be writing a memorandum on a potential Presidential nominee or

participating in a West Wing policy discussion on any number of topics including domestic policy and foreign affairs.

The most memorable experience of my internship was sitting in a West Wing meeting with rather important people

and realizing that my comments and suggestions were not only being taken seriously, but were actually helping to

shape policy. On a less professional side, I must say that meeting the President of the United States after he alighted

from Marine One on the South Lawn of the White House was pretty memorable as well.

I would highly recommend this internship to any law student interested in a government or public policy career. The

best advice I can give to law students interested in a White House experience is to be persistent and pursue the

opportunity as early as possible in the year prior to the internship.

Conservative Guide 2007

FELLOWSHIPS

Post-graduate and summer fellowships are excellent opportunities to explore and pursue during and after your time

at HLS. Fellowships can help defray the cost of law school or can help you break into litigation or research, and

oftentimes, fellowships will provide a network of alumni to turn to for mentorship and advice. Additionally, in many

fellowships sponsored by public policy organizations, cash awards are combined with opportunities for research at

the organization. No matter what your interests in the law may be, there is probably a fellowship that will enable you

to research an aspect of the law that you are passionate about. Listed below are a few such fellowships most closely

aligned with conservative/libertarian work.

For information on other sources of summer funding, see OPIA’s publication, Serving the Public: A Job Search Guide.

For information on other postgraduate fellowships and government honors programs, see Chapter 10 of the same

book. Additionally, contact Judith Murciano, Fellowships Coordinator at OPIA, for one-on-one advising

appointments and additional information on how to find and apply to summer and post-graduate fellowships. If you

are interested in federal government work, contact Joan Ruttenberg, Director of the Heyman Fellowship Program at

OPIA for questions about the Heyman Fellowship listed below.

The Rappaport Honors

Program in Law and Public

Service is offered to Harvard

Law School Students and other

Boston-area law school students

who demonstrate exceptional

commitment towards public

service and the betterment of

civic life in the Greater Boston

region. Internships include paid

summer government or nonprofit

positions, as well as year-long

opportunities. Although the

Program is based at Suffolk

University Law School, it is open

to all Boston area law students.

The Blackstone Fellowship

Program offered by the Alliance

Defense Fund in Scottsdale,

Arizona is an 11-week rigorous

legal internship designed

primarily for law students during

the summer between their first

and second year of law school.

The goal is to train new lawyers

who will work to restore the rule

of law in America’s courtrooms

and ensure that religious freedom

is recognized as the most basic of

human rights. Interns have the

opportunity to closely interact

with some of the nation’s top

constitutional experts.

Humane Studies Fellowship at

George Mason University

awarded to those interested in the

classical/libertarian tradition of

individual rights and market

economies. Opportunities for

paid internships are listed on the

Institute for Humane Studies web

site at www.theihs.org.

Fellowships are also available to

fund graduate schooling

(including law school).

Pacific Legal Foundation

College of Public Interest Law

Fellowships emphasizing limited

government and individual

liberty. The Foundation offers a

limited number of national

litigation fellowships to top

graduates. As a participant, you

will receive concentrated

litigation and writing experience

in the areas of the Foundation’s

legal practice. Additional

information can be found on the

Foundation’s web site at

www.pacificlegal.org or by

contacting the principal attorney

at 408-732-1953.

Heritage Foundation and

American Enterprise Institute

Fellowships in Washington,

D.C.; and the Hoover

Institution Fellowships in

Stanford, CA. Though these are

primarily year-round visiting

fellowships, you should contact

the organizations directly for

summer fellowships through the

contacts listed in the last section

of this Guide.

White House Internships -

Although these are highly

competitive and generally only 2-

3 interns are hired per summer,

the experience provides a first

hand opportunity to learn how

domestic policy and foreign

policy are formulated and

developed at the highest levels of

government. If you are

interested in pursuing an

internship at the White House,

start no later than December of

the prior year. Presently,

internships at the White House

are handled by the White House

Office of Personnel, The White

House, 1600 Pennsylvania

Avenue, Washington, D.C.

20500. Applications should be

Conservative Guide 2007

mailed to the address above and

questions can be directed to

Meghan Espinoza at the White

House Office of Personnel at

202-456-5979.

White House Fellowships -

Since this program is highly

competitive it should be

considered by those students with

excellent grades, strong

references, and prior work

experience or other graduate

degrees in the area of public

policy. The Program places

recipients usually upon

graduation or even later in a

cabinet-level agency; the

Executive Office of the

President, the Vice President’s

Office, or with smaller agencies

where you work as full-time paid

assistants. To apply contact the

President’s Commission on

White House Fellowships, c/o

O.P.M. - Sheila Coates, 1900 E

Street, NW, Room B431or call

202-395-4522 or visit the web site

at www.whitehouse.gov/fellows.

Consumers Union Economic

Justice Fellowship – Fellows

advocate on behalf of low and

moderate income consumers to

ensure access to suitable housing,

health care and safe, adequate

food. In addition, Fellows assist

the California and Credit Finance

Project with efforts to ensure that

consumers in the credit, finance,

banking, and insurance areas are

fairly treated

Olin Fellowship in Law and

Economics – To foster research

and study in the area of law and

economics, several students will

be selected as Fellows in Law and

Economics and will receive a

stipend under a grant from the

John M. Olin Foundation. The

Fellows will be expected to make

significant commitments to

writing in law and economics and

attending a seminar series in the

area. Only Harvard Law School

students are eligible for these

fellowships.

David L. Boren Graduate

Fellowships – Fellowships

provide U.S. graduate students

with support for overseas study

and limited domestic tuition to

pursue the study of languages,

cultures, and world regions

deemed critical to U.S. national

security. Fellowships are awarded

in a broad range of disciplines

including business, economics,

applied sciences and engineering,

history, international affairs, law,

political science, and other social

sciences. Award recipients incur a

requirement to seek employment

in an agency or office of the

Federal Government involved in

national security affairs or in the

field of U.S. higher education, in

that order of precedence.

Woodrow Wilson Fellowship –

Fellows are expected to work

from the Center in Washington

DC and participate in meetings

appropriate to their research.

They will present their research

informally and are also

encouraged to present it formally

and share their expertise with the

Washington policy community.

They will be affiliated with one of

the Center’s programs or

projects.

Fulbright Grant – Funding for

research by U.S. graduate

students, young professionals, or

recent postgraduates in various

countries. Operating in over 140

countries and awarding

approximately 1000 grants every

year, the Fulbright program

sponsors a spread of different

fellowships.

Belgium-American Fellowship

– Fellows promote the exchange

of intellectual ideas between the

two countries. Pre-doctoral

Fellowships are awarded to

American graduate students to

pursue study and research in

Belgium on projects for which

Belgium provides special

advantages, such as the EU.

Center for Internet and Society

Fellowship – Fellows work for

the Cyber Law Clinic at Stanford

University where they are directly

and primarily responsible for

lawsuits challenging the extension

of copyrights of works that have

passed into the public domain

and for assisting or supervising

the litigation of other CIS cases

as well as working with students

in the Cyberlaw clinic on cases

and projects on an as-needed

basis.

Berkman Center Residential

Fellowship – Fellowship

includes specific obligations for

organizing a public presentation,

writing a paper, and assisting with

Berkman Center programs.

Fellowships are generally awarded

to those who already have

experience in cyberlaw or related

topics and wish to add new

knowledge to the field.

Conservative Public Interest

Law Fellowship – Fellowships

open to graduating or recently

graduate individuals of

demonstrated high achievement

and offer a stepping stone to

private practice, public agency

law, an academic career in the

teaching of law, or a permanent

position with the Pacific legal

Foundation. Participants receive

concentrated litigation and

writing experience in the areas of

the Foundation’s legal practice.

Conservative Guide 2007

David C. Lincoln Fellowship

in Land Value Taxation –

Fellows work at the Lincoln

Institute of Land Policy where

they work on projects addressing

either the basic theory of land

value taxation or its application to

specific issues, domestic or

international, with an emphasis

on specific investigations, case

studies, and theoretical work

rather than on general discussions

of land value taxation principles.

Fellows will each present a

seminar at the Lincoln Institute

and will attend a symposium with

other Fellows.

Greenwall Fellowship – Fellows

work with faculty at Johns

Hopkins University and

Georgetown University in a study

and experiential learning,

including a year-long seminar in

bioethics and health policy,

bimonthly colloquia, academic

coursework, summer government

internship, supervised research,

teaching opportunities, and

opportunities to pursue other

fellowship programs in

conjunction with this one.

German Marshall Memorial

Fellowship – Founded in 1982,

the Marshall Memorial

Fellowship (MMF) was created

by the German Marshall Fund of

the United States to introduce a

new generation of European

leaders to America’s institutions,

politics, and people. The Marshall

memorial Fellowship provides a

unique opportunity for emerging

leaders from the United States

and Europe to explore societies,

institutions, and people on the

other side of the Atlantic.

Global Health Fellowship

Program – The Global Health

Fellow will lead research or

clinical projects on global health

and human rights and may

involve the supervision of

Harvard Law School students on

these projects. The work product

of fellow-led projects can range

from scholarly papers,

manuscripts, and monographs to

direct involvement in policy or

legal activities.

Ian Axford Fellowship in

Public Policy – The Ian Axford

Fellowships give outstanding

American professional the

opportunity to study, travel, and

gain practical experience in public

policy in New Zealand, including

firsthand knowledge of

economic, social, and political

reforms and management of the

government sector.

Pew Charitable Trust Grants –

The Trusts make investments to

provide organizations and

citizens with fact-based research

and practical solutions for

challenging issues. The Trusts

offer funding in three sections

(Advancing Policy Solutions,

Informing the Public, and

Supporting Civic Life), each of

which is further divided into

other categories for research.

John Gibbons Fellowship in

Public Interest and

Constitutional Law – The

Fellow is a full-time associate at

the firm of Gibbons, Del Deo,

Dolan, Griffinger & Vecchione

for two years and works closely

with John J. Gibbons and

Lawrence S. Lustberg on major

public interest and constitutional

law projects and litigation. The

Fellow assists with legal

representation of clients in a wide

variety of public interest issues.

After completing the fellowship,

the Fellow will be given the

opportunity to remain at the firm

with full seniority.

Office of the Solicitor General

Bristow Fellowship – Fellows

work on special projects for the

Solicitor General and make

recommendations on cases that

come up from the division and

perform legal research.

California Executive

Fellowship – Fellows serve in

staff positions throughout

various agencies and departments

of California’s executive branch.

Fellows also attend seminars with

speakers who are key players in

the policy process both in and

out of government.

California Judicial

Administration Fellows

Program – Fellows serve in staff

positions throughout California’s

judicial branch. Fellows also

attend seminars with speakers

who are key players in the policy

process both in and out of

government.

California Senate Fellows

Program – Associates are given a

full-time legislative staff

experience in Sacramento and

participate in weekly graduate

seminars conducted by California

State University, Sacramento.

Associates are assigned to the

personal or committee staff of a

Senator and work as a part of the

professional staff team.

Responsibilities include helping

to develop legislative proposals,

researching and analyzing bills,

answering constituent inquiries,

and writing press releases and

speeches.

National Whistleblower Center

for Public Interest Law

Fellowship – The Fellow will

assist in civil litigation on behalf

of employee whistleblowers.

Lawyers at the NWX regularly

practice in federal district court,

Conservative Guide 2007

state courts, appellate courts,

administrative agencies, and also

represent employees before

investigatory bodies, including

Inspectors General and

congressional oversight

committees.

Rockefeller Brothers Fund –

The Fellows work at the Vera

Institute of Justice in new York

for the RBF Fellowship and at

New York University’s Office of

Legal Counsel for the NCPL

Fellowship.

National Center on

Philanthropy and the Law –

The NCPL Fellowship permits

one Fellow each year to spend

one year in residence at the New

York University Office of legal

Counsel, working closely with the

Senior Vice President, General

Counsel, and Secretary of NYU,

and the office staff of nine

attorneys, on legal issues facing

the university, including the

school of medicine and its

affiliated hospitals. The NCPL

Fellow will delve into an

unusually wide variety of legal

and organizational issues and will

participate in the legal work

conducted by the Office of legal

Counsel, including conducting

factual and legal research,

drafting litigation papers,

transactional, and policy

documents, and correspondence,

and participating in the lawyering

enterprises of the University.

Federal Legislation Clinic

Teaching Fellowship – Fellows

work directly on selected issues

by engaging in background

research on bills, participating in

coalition work and meetings, and

conducting negotiation sessions

with congressional staff,

administrative agencies, and

advocacy groups. Each Fellow is

responsible for supervising six

J.D. students enrolled in the

Federal Legislation Clinic.

Supervision includes directing

students who are conducting

background research and writing,

editing student work, and

participating in coalition with

other meetings. Clinic fellows

also enroll in a seminar called

Elements of Clinical Pedagogy

taught by the Georgetown

Clinical Faculty.

New York Assembly

Fellowship – Graduate Interns

are placed in the offices of

Assembly Leadership, program

staff, and other central staff as

needed.

New York Senate Fellowship –

Fellows are placed in Senators’

offices based on matching career

interests and office legislative

responsibilities. The fellowships

available include the Legislative

Fellows Program, the Richard A.

Wiebe Public Service Fellowship,

the Richard J. Roth Journalism

Fellowship, and the James L.

Biggane Fellowship in Finance

and Fiscal Studies.

Presidential Management

Fellowship – The Program

places Fellows into federal

government agencies. This

leadership development program

includes 80 hours of training each

year, challenging rotations,

accelerated promotions, and

opportunities to network

between agencies. PMF

assignments include domestic and

international issues, technology,

science, criminal justice, health,

financial management, and other

fields.

Draper Richards Foundation

Fellowship – The Foundation

provides social entrepreneurs

with funding for starting new

nonprofit organizations that are

expected to create significant

social change in a scalable and

sustainable manner. The

Foundation offers strategic and

organizational assistance in

addition to financial support. The

projects must solve existing social

problems in innovative ways on a

national or global level.

CIA Legal Honors Fellowship

– The CIA Legal Honors

Program allows a small number

of exceptionally qualified recent

law school graduates to obtain a

broad exposure to the practice of

national security law. Honors

Program Attorneys typically will

be assigned to two different

Divisions within the CIA’s Office

of General Counsel during the

course of the program, although

some may actually have three

different assignments.

Center Fellows Program – A

non-residential educational

initiative to study the U.S.

Presidency, the public

policymaking process, and the

presidential relations with

Congress, allies, the media, and

the public. It requires that each

student research, write, and

present an original paper on an

issue of the modern Presidency,

which will be published by the

Center. The Center provides

mentors to help define, write, and

edit this paper.

Supreme Court Fellows

Program – fellows are assigned

to the Supreme Court, the

Federal Judicial Center, the U.S.

Sentencing Commission, or the

Administrative Office of the U.S.

Courts to examine the federal

judicial process and propose and

implement solutions to problems

in the administration of justice.

Conservative Guide 2007

Fellowship in Criminal Law –

Fellows sponsored by the

Criminal Justice Legal

Foundation participate in

preparing amicus briefs in

support of the prosecution for

cases before the United States

Supreme Court and the California

Supreme Court, as well as writing

articles for publication on

criminal law issues.

Greenlining Academy

Fellowship – The Academy

gives multi-ethnic students

interested in public policy

opportunities to acquire public

policy skills and build social

networks that will enhance their

effectiveness as leaders of

tomorrow. Academy training is

hands-on policy analysis,

research, and community

organizing on minority economic

development issues. The

Academy provides diversity and

cooperation among all ethnic

groups as fundamental to

developing sound public policy

and combating political and social

divisiveness.

National Litigation Fellowship

– Fellows sponsored by the

Pacific Legal Foundation prepare

a law review article and engage in

significant litigation on current

legal issues in areas such as

environment, land use, energy,

government regulation, free

enterprise system, limited

government, and individual and

economic liberties.

American Political Science

Association Congressional

Fellowship Program – The

Fellowship is a non-partisan,

early-to-mid career program

devoted to expanding the

knowledge and awareness of

Congress. For 10 months,

selected Fellows serve on

congressional staffs and acquire

hands on experience while

gaining insight into the legislative

process, politics, and public

service. Applicants are generally

classified into one of six

categories: journalism,

communication, foreign affairs,

federal government, health

policy, political science, and

international relations.

Fellowships in Law and Public

Affairs – Fellows focus on

research and writing about law

and public affairs and also teach

courses pending approval.

Fellows participate in activities of

the Program, including colloquia,

seminars, and lectures.

Taxpayers for Common Sense

Fellowship Program –

Taxpayers for common Sense is a

non-partisan public interest

organization dedicated to cutting

wasteful government spending

and subsidies and to balance the

budget. Fellows will gain

experience in federal policy-

making, media campaigns, and

grassroots organizing, as well as

develop their skills in writing,

policy analysis, critical-thinking,

and policy awareness, while

working closely with the

professional staff.

Initiative for Public Interest Law

at Yale Grants –

Recipients design

their own one-year programs,

which address issues or seek to

aid groups that have received

inadequate representation from

others. Projects can involve, but

are not limited to litigation in the

public interest, assisting/advising

people of their legal rights, and

writing handbooks designed to

promote the rights of victims of

discrimination.

Heyman Fellowship – The

Heyman Fellowship Program is

designed to eliminate some of the

financial disparity between

government and the private

sector so that those who want to

work in the federal government

can more realistically do so. In

addition, the Heyman Fellowship

Program provides a supportive

peer community of HLS

graduates in federal public service

who will enthusiastically mentor

HLS students and young alumni

interested in federal government

work. The goals is to foster at

HLS more people who have

provided important government

service to our nation, like

Attorney General Janet Reno,

Solicitor General Archibald Cox,

and Senators Charles Schumer,

Elizabeth Dole and Jack Reed.

PUBLIC POLICY ORGANIZATIONS AND TRENDS

The List below is broken down into the following fifteen categories of Public Interest Organizations: (1) Religious

Liberties/Human Rights; (2) Civil Liberties: Free Speech/Right to Bear Arms/Racial Preferences; (3) Economic

Rights/Free Market Enterprise/Limited Government; (4) Foreign Policy/International Relations/Privatization; (5)

Counterterrorism/Defense/Homeland Security; (6) Constitution/Federalism; (7) Criminal Justice; (8) Education; (9)

Government Accountability; (10) Health Care/Social Security; (11) Immigration; (12) Political; (13)

Telecommunications/Internet; (14) Transportation; (15) International and Non-Governmental Organizations. Please

note that this list is not all-inclusive, but highlights a number of the organizations most receptive to paid and

volunteer positions, including part-time and full-time positions, fellowships, and summer internships. The contact

person and any Harvard Law School graduates that we are aware of are included for each organization. You should

contact these organizations directly. In addition you can research these organizations and other opportunities on the

Internet, www.pslawnet.org, and OPIA’s 2006-2007 Serving the Public: A Job Search Guide.

Litigating organizations are designated by the symbol

(L)

at the beginning of each organization description.

Religious Liberties/Human

Rights

“Governments have not always

been tolerant of religious activity,

and hostility toward religion has

taken many shapes and forms –

economic, political, and sometimes

harshly oppressive,” as stated by

former Supreme Court Chief

Justice Warren Burger.

xiii

Many

pro-liberty public interest

nonprofits focus on First

Amendment law as it applies to

religious liberties. For example, the

Becket Fund for Religious Liberty

in D.C. defended the right of a

Knights of Columbus chapter to

place a creche in a public square

previously used for secular displays;

and the right of Muslim police

officers to wear beards required by

their faith. The Fifth Circuit

recently upheld the presence of St.

Andrew’s Cross within the

Confederate battle flag on the

Mississippi state flag against a

Muslim’s challenge that it violated

the Establishment Clause, and in

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, a 5-4

decision the Supreme Court

rejected an Establishment Clause

challenge to the school voucher

program in Cleveland, Ohio. One

of the hottest issues in the faith-

based initiative debate today

concerns employment practices of

religious groups and the impact of

the Religious Freedom Restoration

Act of 1993. The following

organizations focus on these and

other issues impacting religious and

other civil rights.

Alliance Defense Fund, 15333

North Pima Road, Suite 165,

Scottsdale, AZ 85260,

www.alliancedefensefund.org

(L) The Alliance Defense Fund is

a national organization that

supports the legal defense and

advocacy of religious freedom and

family values through funding,

training, and support of private

lawyers involved in pro bono

religious liberty cases.

Contact: Colene Lewis, at 480-

444-0020 or 1-800 tell ADF

Email:

Director@theblackstonefellowship

program.org

Openings: The Blackstone

Fellowship Legal Internship:

Designed primarily for 1L’s and

open to 80 students. $600 week

plus travel and expenses. Interns

are trained in Arizona and placed

throughout the country.

American Center for Law and

Justice (ACLJ), P.O. Box 90555

Washington, DC 20090-0555

www.aclj.org

(L) ACLJ specializes in

constitutional law, and through

their work in the courts and the

legislative arena, the ACLJ is

dedicated to protecting religious

and constitutional freedoms. In

addition to providing legal services

at no cost to their clients, ACLJ

focuses on national security,

protecting America’s families, and

protecting human life.

Contact: Joel Thornton, Chief

Counsel; Phone 757-226-2489 Fax

757-226-4574

Openings: volunteer and paid

internships

American Civil Rights Union,

1600 Wilson Blvd. Suite #960

Arlington, VA 22209

www.acru.org

(L) The American Civil Rights

Union’s mission is to uphold the

Constitution and the Bill of Rights

as written. It is committed to

defending all the rights enumerated

therein. The organization

participates heavily in defending

the rights of the Boy Scouts, but

also files briefs in free speech,

religious liberty, and property rights

Conservative Guide 2007

cases. Most of the cases are before

the U.S. Supreme Court, though

some of them are in Federal

Appellate Courts.

Contact: Susan Carleson,

Chairman and CEO or Peter

Ferrara, HLS ’79; 703-807-0242

[email protected]

Openings: one or two volunteer

summer interns who work on

writing an amicus brief in a

pending Supreme Court case

Deadline: January 31

The Becket Fund for Religious

Liberty, 1350 Connecticut

Avenue, N.W., Suite 605,

Washington, D.C. 20036

www.becketfund.org

(L) The Becket Fund for Religious

Liberty is a bipartisan and

ecumenical public interest law firm

that protects the free expression of

all religious traditions. Three

principles that guide the Funds

mission are that freedom of

religion is a basic human right that

no government may deny, religious

expression is a natural part of life in

civilized society, and religious

people and institutions are entitled

to participate in government affairs

on an equal basis. The Fund has

represented Buddhists, Christians,

Jews, Muslims, Native Americans,

Sikkhs, and Zoroastrians. The

organization defended the right of

a Knights of Columbus chapter to

place a creche in a public square

previously used for secular displays,

Creatore v. Town of Trumbull, 115 S.

Ct. 2637 (1995) (mem.); and the

right of Muslim police officers to

wear beards required by their faith,

F.O.P. v. Newark, 170 F.3d 359 (3d

Cir. 1999).

Contact: Angela Wu ‘00,

International Director; 202-955-

0095

Openings: Summer, fall and spring

volunteer internships are available

Deadline: Rolling

Center for Law and Religious

Freedom, Gregory S. Baylor,

Director, 4208 Evergreen Lane,

Suite 222, Annandale, VA 22003,

www.clsnet.org

(L) The Center for Law and

Religious Freedom has been a

respected voice in the First

Amendment arena since 1975. The

Center’s primary mission is to

defend and advance the religious

freedom of all Americans. In 1993,

the Center expanded its mission to

include defending the sanctity of

human life from conception to

natural death. The Center pursues

its mission through legislative

advocacy, “test case” litigation,

friend-of-the-court briefs, and

providing information to CLS

members and the general public.

Contact: Brent McBurney, Esq.

[email protected]

Opportunities: Student internships

available over the summer; check

website for details

Family Research Council, 801 G

Street, N.W., Washington, DC

20001, www.frc.org

(L) The Family Research Council

focuses on family and marriage as

the wellspring of society. The

Council shapes public debate and

formulates public policy that values

human life and the institutions of

marriage and the family. Issues

include judicial reform, education

reform, parental rights, sanctity of

life, and global religious

persecution. FRC publishes its

newsletter, Washington Watch,

delivers radio commentaries, and

disseminates ED Facts, a weekly

report analyzing education news

around the country.

Contact: William Saunders HLS

‘80, Senior Fellow & Director of

the Center for Human Life &

Bioethics, 202-393-2100; fax: 202-

393-2134

Institute on Religion and Public

Life, Richard J. Neuhaus,

President, 156 Fifth Avenue,

Suite 400, New York, NY 10010

www.firstthings.com

The Institute is an interreligious,

nonpartisan research and education

institute whose purpose is to

advance a religiously informed

public philosophy for the ordering

of society. The aim is to teach

people about the moral and ethical

basis of capitalism. HLS Professor

Mary Ann Glendon is a member of

the Institute Council and serves on

the editorial board of its major

publication, First Things. The

Institute sponsors scholars’

conferences, research projects,

public educational events and a

fellows program. The Institute

welcomes students with an interest

in all religions, and students from

“all faiths and no faiths.”

Contact: Dr. Damon Linker, 212-

627-2288; fax: 212-627-2184

Openings: Limited to one full time

internship and the fellows program

National Legal Foundation,

P.O. Box 64427 Virginia Beach,

VA, 23467-4427 www.nlf.net

(L) NLF is a public interest law

firm specializing in constitutional

law and devoted to defense of

religious liberties, protecting the

unborn, and challenging outcome-

based education programs. Its in-

house think tank, the Minuteman

Institute, concentrates on early

American studies, classical liberal

studies, and religion and society

studies.

Contact: 757-463-6133; fax: 757-

463-6055 [email protected];

Deadline: Rolling

Pacific Justice Institute, P.O.

Box 4366, Citrus Heights, CA

95611, www.pacificjustice.org

(L) Provides attorney and clients

with free legal research support,

timely financial resources, media

support, access to a bank of briefs,

and strategic planning. The focus

is to coordinate and oversee large

numbers of concurrent court

actions through a network of

affiliate attorneys nationwide.

Areas of expertise include religious

freedom and liberties, parents'

rights, redirection of union dues to

charities, defending against anti-

family, and anti-faith legislation.

Contact: 916-857-6900

Openings: 5 unpaid interns;

Deadline: January 31

The Rutherford Institute, P.O.

Box 7482, Charlottesville, VA

22906-7482, www.rutherford.org

(L) A nonprofit civil liberties legal

and educational organization

dedicated to protecting the

religious rights of persons in the

public arena, aided by a network of

hundreds of attorneys who

represent individuals and

organizations pro bono. Also

dedicated to protecting the

constitutional rights of churches

and other religious organizations.

Issues include protecting religious

expression, free speech, parental

rights, the sanctity of human life,

church rights, and international

religious freedom.

Contact: Joel Whitehead, 434-

978-3888.

Send: Resume, cover letter, two

references, legal writing sample of

20 pages or less.

Deadlines: December 15

Housing Allowance: $300 per

month and $200 per week salary

Civil Liberties: Free

Speech/ Right to Bear

Arms/Racial Preferences

Free speech issues continue to be

of great concern to the

conservative agenda. Hot issues

include regulation of commercial

speech, free speech and election

law, as well as the Supreme Court’s

recent decision in Virginia v. Black,

which held that cross burning was

expressive speech. The Libertarian

Party has always supported

freedom of speech and the press,

and has had language specifically

supporting freedom of online

communication in its Platform

since 1991. The Shadow University,

examines the extent to which free

speech is protected and valued by

civil society at large and describes

the struggle for liberty on American

campuses as one of the defining

struggles of the age in which we

find ourselves.

xiv

Libertarian

interest groups, like the National

Rifle Association, supports their

top objectives, in the case of the

NRA, the Second Amendment

right to keep and bear arms,

through advertisement, grassroots

organizations, and litigation. The

recent Supreme Court decisions in

Grutter and Gratz upholding racial

preferences in pursuit of the

“compelling” state interest in

“diversity” has created controversy

once again on the future of

affirmative action.

American Civil Rights Institute

(ACRI), Ward Connerly,

Chairman, P.O. Box 188350

Sacramento, CA 95818

www.acri.org

The American Civil Rights Institute

is a national, nonprofit organization

dedicated to educating the

American public about the

problems created by racial and

gender preferences in government

programs and policies. ACRI

members believe that civil rights

are individual rights, and that

government policies should not

advocate group rights over

individual rights. Based in

Sacramento, ACRI’s initial focus is

on three areas assisting

organizations in other states with

their efforts to educate the public

about racial and gender

preferences, assisting federal

representatives with public

education on the issue, and

monitoring implementation and

legal action on California’s

Proposition 209.

Contact: 916-444-2278; fax 916-

444-2279

Center for Individual Rights

(CIR), 1233 20

Street, N.W.,

Suite 300, Washington, D.C.

20036 www.cir-usa.org

(L) CIR is a nonprofit public

interest law firm established in

1989 to advance a broad, civil

libertarian agenda. It accomplishes

its mission through direct litigation

of precedent-setting cases in fields

like freedom of speech, civil rights,

political correctness in higher

education, disparate treatment of

religious groups and sexual

harassment law. The cases they

have successfully litigated include,

Lamprecht v. FCC (federal agency

preference scheme struck down);

Hopwood v. Texas, 5

Cir. (race may

not be considered in university

admissions); Rosenberg v. Rector and

Visitors of the Univ. of VA (uphold

rights of religious magazine to

participate in neutral funding

scheme); and Reno v. Bossier Parish

School District (striking down forced

racial gerrymandering).

Contact: Michael Rosman,

General Counsel and (former

Conservative Guide 2007

OPIA Wasserstein Fellow) at 202-

833-8400.

[email protected]

Openings: Interns conduct pro

bono work through area law firms

Send: Statement of interest,

resume, and brief writing sample to

Terry Pell, [email protected]

Deadline: February 28

Claremont Institute, 250 West

First Street, Suite 330,

Claremont CA 91711

www.claremont.org

The mission of the Claremont

Institute is to restore the principles

of the American Founding to their

rightful, preeminent authority in

our national life. Claremont

publishes numerous books, policy

briefings, conducts conferences

and seminars on various issues

including ballistic missile defense,

The American Founding, family

and culture, civil rights and racial

preferences.

Contact: Jeanette Jaime, 909-621-

6825; [email protected]

Competitive Enterprise Institute

(CEI), 1001 Connecticut Ave.,

N.W. Suite 1250, Washington,

DC 20036 www.cei.org Phone:

(202) 331-1010 Fax: (202) 331-

0640

CEI is a nonprofit, non-partisan

public policy research and advocacy

institute dedicated to the principles

of free enterprise and limited

government. The organization was

founded in March 1984 and in

1986 it began its free market legal

program, which seeks to overturn

government regulations that CEI

regards as inappropriate, pertaining

to drug safety, rent control,

automobile fuel efficiency, e-

commerce, anti-trust and

intellectual property rights. Areas

of specialization include

environment, technology,

electronic privacy, regulation,

health, and safety. CEI employs

over 30 office staff, including in-

house and adjunct policy analysts.

Contact: 202-331-1010

Individual Rights Foundation,

P.O. Box 361269 Los Angeles,

CA 90036-9828

www.cspc.org/IRF.html

(L) A public interest law project

that protects constitutional rights

from governmental infringement

and has created a national network

of lawyers that responds to the

growing threat to First Amendment

rights by college administrators and

government officials. Its Civil

Rights Project is devoted to

establishing race and gender-neutral

standards in public life.

Contact: Manuel Klausner at 213-

680-9940 or [email protected]

Institute for Humane Studies,

3401 North Fairfax Drive, Suite

440, Arlington, VA 22201

www.theihs.org and

www.libertyguide.com

Founded in 1961, the mission of

IHS is to support the achievement

of a freer society by discovering

and facilitating the development of

talented, productive students,

scholars, and other intellectuals

who share an interest in liberty and

who demonstrate the potential to

help change the current climate of

opinion to one more congenial to

the principles and practice of

freedom. The Institute promotes

the study of liberty across a broad

range of disciplines including

academia, journalism, policy, and

film, encouraging understanding,

open inquiry, rigorous scholarship,

and creative problem-solving.

Contact: Applications available

online for Summer Graduate

Fellowships. Each year IHS awards

over $400,000 in scholarships to

students from universities around

the world. IHS maintains a job

bank and provides other intellectual

and career resources on its web

sites.

Institute for Justice (IJ), William

Mellor, President and General

Counsel, 1717 Pennsylvania

Avenue, N.W. Suite 200,

Washington, DC 20006

www.ij.org

(L) A nonprofit libertarian public

interest law firm that litigates cases

to secure economic liberty, school

choice, private property rights,

freedom of speech, and other vital

individual liberties and to restore

constitutional limits on the power

of government. The Institute also

trains law students, lawyers, and

policy activists in the tactics of

public interest litigation to advance

individual rights. IJ has 30 staffers

(10 lawyers in D.C. and 2-3 lawyers

in Chicago (Clinic on

Entrepreneurship) and Phoenix,

Seattle, and Raleigh).

Contact: D.C. headquarters, Steve

Simpson, 202-955-1300;

[email protected].

Openings: 1Ls/2 Ls - 12 or more

summer clerks are hired with

positions available in offices in

Chicago, Phoenix, Seattle, and

Raleigh; Paid and volunteer

positions as well as externships and

work for credit experiences;

Send: cover letter, writing sample,

and resume to [email protected]

Deadline: December 31

The James Madison Institute, J.

Stanley Marshall, Founding

Chairman, P.O. Box 37460,

Tallahassee, FL 32315

www.jamesmadison.org

A Florida-based non-partisan,

nonprofit research and educational

organization dedicated to

advancing economic freedom,

education reform, limited

government, federalism, traditional

values, the rule of law, and

individual liberty. The Institute

focuses only on Florida law.

Contact: J. Stanley Marshall,

Chairman, 850-386-3131

Openings: Volunteers on a rolling

basis as needed. Applications on

website.

Landmark Legal Foundation,

Mark R. Levin, President, 19415

Deerfield Avenue, Suite 412

Leesburg, VA 20176

www.landmarklegal.org

(L) The Foundation litigates

constitutional and individual liberty

cases involving school choice, free

enterprise, public integrity, private

property rights, free speech and tax

limitation.

Contact: Intern Coordinator 703-

554-6100; fax: 703-554-6119;

[email protected]

Lincoln Legal Foundation,,

Joseph A. Morris, President and

General Counsel, 100 W. Monroe

Street, Suite 2101, Chicago, IL,

60603

The Lincoln Legal Foundation

seeks to defend individual liberty,

private property, and the free

market, limited constitutional

government, the federal system,

and American national sovereignty

through litigation, legal and public

policy research and analysis, and

education of the bench, bar, and

public.

Contact: Joseph A. Morris,

[email protected]

Conservative Guide 2007

National Rifle Association,

Wayne LaPierre, Executive Vice

President, 11250 Waples Mill

Road, Fairfax, VA 22030

www.nra.org

The NRA protects the right to

keep and bear arms and trains

thousands of law enforcement

members and law-abiding citizens

on safe and responsible firearms

ownership. Issues include

defending second amendment

rights and criminal justice reform,

and the operation of the Institute

for Legislative Action.

Contact: Human Resources

Manager, 703-267-1000; fax: 703-

267-3989 [email protected]

Paid positions are posted on the

website at www.nrahq.org/careers

National Right to Work Legal

Defense Foundation, Mark Mix,

President, 8001 Braddock Road,

Suite 500, Springfield, VA 22160,

www.nrtw.org

(L)The National Right to Work

Legal Defense Foundation is a

nonprofit, charitable, organization

providing free legal aid to

employees whose human or civil

rights have been violated by

compulsory unionism abuses. The

Foundation is assisting 150,000

employees in nearly 300 cases

nationwide.

Contact: 703-321-8510, fax 703-

321-9613

Property Rights Foundation of

America, Inc. Carol W.

LaGrasse, President and

Founder, P.O. Box 75, Stoney

Creek, NY 12878,

www.prfamerica.org

The mission of the Property Rights

Foundation of America is to

defend and enhance private

property rights to the fullest extent,

as guaranteed in the United States

Constitution.

Contact: [email protected],

518-696-5748

U.S. Bill of Rights Foundation,

Dane vonBreichenruchardt,

President, 263 Kentucky

Avenue, S.E., Washington, DC

20003, [email protected]

(L) Seeks remedies at law on

targeted legal issues that contravene

the Bill of Rights and related

constitutional law. Issues include

the Second Amendment, civil asset

forfeiture, property rights, freedom

of speech and religion, nonprofit

charitable solicitation regulation,

and regulatory reform. The

Foundation processes 100 cases a

year against towns and

municipalities. The D.C. Office

employs 3 attorneys and cases are

obtained through affiliated

attorneys and law offices

throughout the country.

Contact: Dane

vonBreichenruchardt,

202-546-7079

Openings: All internships must be

approved before funds are raised.

United States Justice

Foundation, Gary Kreep,

Executive Director, 2091 East

Valley Parkway, Suite 1-C,

Escondido, CA 92027

www.usjf.net

(L) Legal action organization

dedicated to litigate and instruct,

inform and educate the public on

significant legal issues confronting

America. Areas of experience

include education, parental rights,

property rights, first amendment

rights of pro-life picketers, privacy

rights, and government harassment

of government critics.

Contact: Office Manager,

[email protected], 760-741-8086

Economic Rights/Limited

Government/Free Market

Enterprise

Typical conservative and libertarian

themes on the economic and

spending side of government

include policies to reduce

Conservative Guide 2007

government waste, lower taxes,

deregulate private industry,

encourage private enterprise, and

terminate outdated programs.

Many public policy nonprofits

focus on economic regulation, free

market enterprise, federal spending,

and the deficit as constitutional

issues. There are also a growing

number of international public

policy organizations included in

this Guide that focus on free

market enterprise and privatization.

The Libertarian Party supports

repeal of both the federal and state

income tax. The Libertarian Party

Committee has endorsed the “Free

the People” initiative, which would

eliminate the California state

income tax. State and local taxes

are being reduced nationwide

through the efforts of public

interest groups like the

Massachusetts Coalition for

Limited Taxation, and the Florida

Tax Watch Research Institute, Inc.

American Legislative Exchange

Council, 1129 20

Street, N.W.,

Suite 500, Washington DC 20036

www.alec.org

A Washington based public policy

council dedicated to advancing the

Jeffersonian principles of free

markets, limited government,

federalism, and individual liberty

through a non-partisan partnership

among America’s state legislators

and concerned members of the

private sector, the federal

government, and the public

interest. The organization consists

of 5 Departments.

Contact: Lily Pascucci, Intern

Coordinator, 202-466-3800;

[email protected]

Openings: 14 volunteer interns are

hired each summer on a rolling

basis. Check website at

www.alec.org between January-

February 2004 for application

process.

American Enterprise Institute,

Christopher DeMuth, President,

1150 17

Street, N.W.,

Washington, DC 20036

www.aei.org 202-862-5800; 202-

862-7177

Founded in 1943, it is one of the

oldest and most highly regarded

conservative research institutes in

Washington, DC. The

conservative-leaning research

institute features a number of

prominent in-house legal scholars,

political scientists, and foreign

policy experts. Scholars and

fellows include Jean J. Kirkpatrick,

Judge Robert H. Bork, and William

Schneider. The AEI website has an

overwhelming amount of material

on a wide variety of issues. AEI

publishes the magazine, The

American Enterprise. AEI recently

established the Federalism Project

to explore opportunities to restore

federalism that limits the national

government power and compels

states to compete for their citizen’s

assets, talent, and business. The

issues it addresses include limited

government, private enterprise,

political institutions, a strong

foreign and national defense policy,

and economic policy.

Contact: Apply online.

Approximately 40 internship

opportunities are offered in the fall,

winter and summer; Areas include:

economic policy, foreign and

defense studies; and social and

political studies; full or part-time;

volunteer only; complimentary

breakfast and lunch are offered

daily;

Deadline: January

Send: Resume and cover letter

American Institute for

Economic Research, Charles

Murray, President, P.O. Box

1000 Great Barrington, MA 01230

www.aier.org

Organized in 1933 as a private,

independent, scientific, and

educational charitable organization,

the American Institute for

Economic Research plans its

research to help individuals protect

their personal interests and those of

the nation. Experience shows that

economic information is most

useful when it comes from an

objective source free of either

commercial or political special

interests. Neither the Institute nor

members of its staff may profit

from organizations that may

benefit from the results of its

research.

Contact: [email protected], 413-

528-1216; fax 413-528-0103

Openings: Summer fellowships for

Law and Economics research

Send: application available online,

resume, cover letter, writing

sample, proposed course of study,

two references, and official

transcripts

Deadline: March 15

Americans for Tax Reform,

Grover Norquist, President, 1920

L Street, Suite 200, Washington,

DC 20036, www.atr.org

Americans for Tax Reform is a

coalition of taxpayer groups

opposing any and all tax increases

at the state, federal, and local levels.

ATR works with state tax groups to

ask all candidates for office to sing

the Taxpayer Protection Pledge

committing officeholders to

oppose tax increases. ATR

publicizes the Cost of Government

Day each year – the day until which

Americans must work to pay the

cost of taxes and regulations. ATR

also coordinates the Reagan legacy

Project urging Congress and state

Conservative Guide 2007

legislatures to name memorials

after President Reagan.

Contact: Karri Bragg,

[email protected], 202-785-0266,

fax 785-0261

Openings: Summer internships for

those interested in tax reform and

economic policy. $250/week

stipend

Send: Resume, shot writing sample

less than 5 pages, cover letter, 3

references by March 15

Atlantic Legal Foundation,

William H. Slattery, President,

150 East 42

Street, 2

floor,

New York, NY 10017

www.atlanticlegal.org

(L) A nonprofit litigation

organization that advocates the

principles of limited government,

the free market system, and the

rights of individuals. Holds

governments accountable for their

actions and challenges burdensome

governmental regulations.

Contact: William H. Slattery,

President, 212-573-1960;

[email protected]

Openings: ILs/2Ls – 3-5 interns

per summer – unpaid with $1000

honorarium

Send: cover letter and resume to

[email protected]

Deadline: April 27

Beacon Hill Institute, David G.

Tuerck, Executive Director, 8

Ashburton Place, Boston, MA

02108-2770 www.beaconhill.org

The Institute focuses on federal,

state, and local economic policies

as they affect citizens and

businesses, particularly in

Massachusetts. The Institute,

which is part of Suffolk University,

uses state-of-the-art statistical,

mathematical, and econometric

methods to provide timely analyses

to voters, policymakers, and

opinion leaders. Issues include

state competitiveness, state tax

analysis modeling, Medicaid

spending, and welfare reform.

Contact: David Tuerck

[email protected]; fax: 617-

994-4279

Capital Research Center,

Terrence Scanlon, President,

1513 16

Street, N.W.,

Washington, DC 20036

www.capitalresearch.org

CRC analyzes organizations that

promote the growth of the welfare

state and identifies private

alternatives to government welfare

programs. Research includes

corporate giving to advocacy

groups, education reform groups,

and environmental groups. The

Center publishes four monthly

newsletters covering labor, culture,

patterns of corporate philanthropy,

and organization trends. Capital

Research has a staff of 13 with no

full time attorneys.

Contact: Robert Huberty, Intern

Coordinator, 202-483-6900; fax

202-483-6990,

[email protected]

Openings: Volunteer

Cato Institute, Edward H.

Crane, President, 1000

Massachusetts Ave. N.W.,

Washington, DC 20001, 202-842-

0200

www.cato.org

The Cato Institute seeks to

broaden the parameters of public

police debate to allow

consideration of the traditional

American principles of limited

government, individual liberty, free

markets, and peace. Toward that

goal, the Institute strives to achieve

greater involvement of the

intelligent, concerned lay public in

questions of policy and the proper

role of government.

Contact: [email protected], fax 202-

842-3490

Openings: Internships available for

law school students, $700/month

stipend

Deadline: February 1st

Eagle Forum, Phyllis Schafly,

President, 316 Pennsylvania

Ave., S.E. Suite 203,

Washington, D.C. 20003, 202-

544-0353

fax: 202-547-6996;

www.eagleforum.org

A major part of the conservative

movement since 1972, Eagle

Forum was founded by anti-

feminist Phyllis Schafly. Eagle

Forum is a non-partisan nonprofit

organization that supports tax

reduction and self-government.

The organization trains volunteers

on how to affect government

policies at every level of state and

federal government; and how to

articulate conservative, pro-family

policies through the media. Issues:

judicial activism, tax cuts, reducing

federal control of education,

privacy rights and reduction of

waste.

Contact: [email protected]

Freedom Works, Dick Armey,

Chairman, 601 Pennsylvania

Avenue NW, North Building,

Suite 700, Washington, DC

20004 www.freedomworks.org

A conservative public policy

institute and political advocacy

organization, Freedom Works

formulates and promotes

progressive-conservative policies

based on the principles of

economic growth, international

leadership, and cultural renewal.

Areas of study include Internet and

technology policy, tax reform,

social security reform, and national

security.

Conservative Guide 2007

Contact: Brendan Steinhauser,

[email protected],

202-942-7612

Send: Application (available

online), resume, transcript, and

writing sample

Islamic Free Market Institute,

Khalid Safuri, Chairman, 1920 L

Street NW, Suite 200,

Washington, DC 20036,

www.islamicinstitute.org

The Islamic Free Market Institute is

establishing a network of think

tanks, advocacy groups, political

organizations, and local community

centers to engage American

Muslims in the political process.

IFMIF is also organizing domestic

forums to promote the

conservative agenda among

American Muslim scholars.

Contact: 202-955-7174, fax 202-

785-0261

The James Madison Institute, J.

Stanley Marshall, Founding

Chairman, P.O. Box 37460,

Tallahassee, FL 32315

www.jamesmadison.org

A Florida-based non-partisan,

nonprofit research and educational

organization dedicated to

advancing economic freedom,

education reform, limited

government, federalism, traditional

values, the rule of law, and

individual liberty. The Institute

focuses only on Florida law.

Contact: J. Stanley Marshall,

Chairman, 850-386-3131

Openings: Volunteers on a rolling

basis as needed. Applications on

website.

Mountain States Legal

Foundation, 2596 South Lewis

Way, Lakewood, CO 80227

www.mountainstateslegal.org

(L) A nonprofit, public interest

legal center established in 1977 that

litigates on behalf of private

citizens, associations, and local

governments. MSLF has had

numerous appearances before the

Supreme Court in nationally

significant, precedent-setting cases.

The Foundation is dedicated to

individual liberty, the right to own

and use property, limited and

ethical government, and the free

enterprise system. Issues include

constitutional law and energy and

natural resources law.

Contact: William Perry Pendley,

President and Chief Legal Officer;

303-292-2021; fax: 303-292-1980

Deadline: Rolling

National Legal Center for the

Public Interest, Ernest B.

Hueter, President, 1600 K Street,

N.W., Suite 800, Washington,

DC 20006, www.nlcpi.org

A nonprofit law and education

foundation dedicated to the

fostering of knowledge about law

and the administration of justice

with concern for the rights of

individuals, free enterprise, private

property, limited government, and

a fair and efficient judiciary. Its

goals are accomplished through

publications, briefings, and

educational programs. The Center

also operates a Supreme Court

Resource Center. Issues include

intellectual property, the liability

explosion, environmental

regulation, competition policy and

regulated industries.

Contact: Intern Coordinator, 202-

466-9360; fax: 202-466-9366

[email protected]

Interns: Volunteer only - Research,

editing and writing of the Center’s

briefings and lectures. Attend

Supreme Court arguments and

Congressional hearings.

New England Legal Foundation

(NELF), Andrew Grainger,

President, 150 Lincoln Street,

Boston, MA 02111

www.nelfonline.org

(L) The only nonprofit, non-

partisan public interest law firm in

the region addressing policy and

constitutional concerns related to

free enterprise. Its mission is

promoting public discourse on the

proper role of free enterprise in our

society and advancing free

enterprise principles in the

courtroom. The most common

subject areas are government

regulation, property rights, taxation,

and employment law. NELF also

presents seminars and panel

discussions and publishes White

Papers, media pieces, and op/ed

articles to allow analysis and

consideration of matters of first

impression. NELF has a staff of

four attorneys and several interns.

NELF hires one or more summer

interns, and may also use interns

during the school year on a part-

time basis. Most are unpaid,

although NELF does offer,

through the generosity of FRM

Corp./Fidelity Investments, paid

internships for a limited number of

qualified minority interns.

Contact: Maria Karatalidas, Intern

Coordinator

Also, Michael Malamut ’86,

Send: Resume, law school

transcript, short writing sample,

and brief cover letter;.

Deadline: Summer interns: April

30; School year interns: September

15.

Pacific Legal Foundation,

Robert K. Best, President, 3900

Lennane Drive, Suite 200,

Sacramento, CA 95834

www.pacificlegal.org

(L) Represents the economic,

social, and environmental interests

of the public in court while

emphasizing private property

rights; freedom from excessive

government regulation; free-market

economics; balanced environmental

policy; and non-wasteful,

productive, and fiscally sound

government. Through litigation,

the foundation combats race and

gender preferences, quotas, and set-

asides in government hiring,

education, and contracting.

Contact: Brenda Beltran, 916-419-

7111 [email protected]

Interns: Summer internships

offered in Sacramento, Florida, or

Bellvue depending on needs

Send: Resume, writing sample

Deadline: March 1

Pioneer Institute for Public

Policy Research, Jim Stergios,

Executive Director, 85

Devonshire Street, Eighth Floor,

Boston, MA 02109,

www.pioneerinstitute.org

A nonprofit public policy think

tank dedicated to changing the

intellectual climate in

Massachusetts with programs that

develop solutions to real-world

social and economic problems.

Devoted to education reform with

a focus on competition and the

expansion of parental choice.

Other issues include the application

of free-market principles to public

policy and restructuring and

reducing the size of Massachusetts’

government through competition,

privatization, and deregulation.

Issues include welfare reform,

charter schools, health care,

transportation and privatization.

Policy Centers include the Shamie

Center for Restructuring

Government, the Center for Urban

Entrepreneurship, and the School

Choice Initiative. The Institute has

8 full-time staffers, and 6 part-time

staffers.

Conservative Guide 2007

Contact:

[email protected]

Deadline: Applicants accepted all

year on a rolling basis. Summer

Applicants: March 1.

Southeastern Legal Foundation,

3340 Peachtree Road, N.E.,

Suite 2515, Atlanta, GA 30326

www.southeasternlegal.org

(L) A conservative public interest

law firm that advocates limited

government, individual liberties,

private property rights, and the free

enterprise system. The foundation

defends the rights of individuals,

organized groups, and corporations

whose rights are infringed by

government at the local, state, and

federal levels. The Foundation has

a staff of 5, and hires several paid

summer interns.

Contact: Valle Dutcher, General

Counsel, 404-365-8500

The Justice Foundation, Allan

Parker, Jr., President, 8122

Datapoint Drive, Suite 812, San

Antonio, TX 78229

www.txjf.org

(L) A nonprofit, public interest

litigation foundation that provides

free legal representation in

landmark cases promoting limited

government, free markets, private

property rights, and parental rights.

Issues include tort reform,

education reform, tax/fiscal policy,

health care, and transportation. TJF

has litigated and won many cases

before the U.S. Supreme Court,

other federal and state courts and

governmental agencies under the

Commerce Clause, the Fifth

Amendment Takings Clause and

the 14

Amendment Equal

Protection Clause.

Contact: Queta Aguilar, Intern

Coordinator, 210-614-7157; fax:

210-614-6656; [email protected]

Openings: Paid and unpaid

internships

Deadline: January

Washington Legal Foundation,

Daniel Popeo, Chairman and

General Counsel, 2009

Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.,

Washington, DC 20036

www.wlf.org

(L) A free enterprise public interest

law and policy center. WLF

litigates precedent-setting issues in

the courts and before government

agencies, that advocates free

enterprise, responsible government,

strong national security and

defense, and a balanced civil and

criminal justice system. The

foundation won a landmark

decision from the U.S. Supreme

Court in Phillips v. Washington Legal

Foundation where the court, in a 5 to

4 decision held that Texas’ public

use of interest accrued on principal

client funds deposited by mandate

into federally funded accounts,

violates the 5

Amendment

Takings Clause. In March 2003,

this precedent was contradicted in

Brown et al. v. Washington Legal

Foundation in another 5 to 4 split

decision.

Contact: President and Executive

Director, Constance C. Larcher,

202-588-0302; fax: 202-588-0386;

[email protected]

Openings: Paid and unpaid

internships posted on website at

www.wlf.org

Deadline: Rolling

Foreign Policy/International

Relations/Privatization

American Foreign Policy

Council (AFPC), Herman

Pirchner, Jr., President, 509 C

Street N.E., Washington, DC

20036 www.afpc.org

AFPC was founded in 1982 and is

dedicated to bringing information

to those who make or influence the

foreign policy of the United States

and to assist world leaders, with

Conservative Guide 2007

building democracies and market

economies. The organization

works closely with Congress, the

Executive Branch and the

policymaking community and is

staffed by noted specialists in

foreign and defense policy.

Programs include foreign aid,

Russia, China, Central Asia and the

Middle East.

Contact: Ms. Annie Swingen,

Director of Communications, 202-

462-6055; fax: 202-543-1007

[email protected]

Interns: unpaid only

Deadline: Rolling

Center for International Private

Enterprise (CIPE), Thomas J.

Donohue, Executive Director,

1155 15

Street, N.W., Suite 700,

Washington, DC 20005

www.cipe.org

CIPE is an affiliate of the U.S.

Chamber of Commerce and is

dedicated to building democracies

and market economies throughout

the world. It has funded more than

700 projects in 80 countries and

has conducted training programs

throughout the world. CIPE

conducts programs with funding

from the National Endowment for

Democracy and the U.S. Agency

for International Development. Its

strategy focuses on the following

key issues: Combat corruption,

promote sound corporate

governance, strengthen the role of

women-owned businesses, support

entrepreneurship, reform

institutional structures, and

promote privatization as a key step

to improved competitiveness.

Contact: Jean Rogers, deputy

Director, 202-721-9200; fax: 202-

721-9250; [email protected]

Openings: Paid and volunteer

internships

Center for Strategic and

International Studies, Sam

Nunn, President and CEO, 1800

K Street, N.W., Washington, DC

20006 www.csis.org

The Center is a non-partisan public

policy research institution

dedicated to analysis and policy

impact. With a staff of 180, CSIS

experts generate strategic analysis

in key functional areas, such as

international finance and trade,

national security, and energy policy.

Contact: 202-887-0200; fax 202-

775-3199

Foundation for the Defense of

Democracies, Clifford D. May,

Executive Director, 1146 19

Street NW, Suite 300,

Washington, DC 20036-3721,

www.defenddemocacy.org

The Foundation for the Defense of

Democracies is a policy institute

that focuses on terrorism, the

ideologies that drive terrorism, and

the policies that can best eradicate

terrorism. In addition, FDD

promotes freedom, human rights,

and the building of democratic

institutions. Those affiliated with

FDD believe that terrorism is

always wrong – that no grievance

or complaint justifies the

intentional killing of non-

combatant men, women, and

children. The Foundation believes

that democratic societies have a

right to defend themselves – and an

obligation to defend one another.

Contact:

[email protected],

202-207-0190, 202-207-0191

Opportunities: Unpaid Summer

Internships

Send: resume, cover letter, and

writing sample

Institute for Foreign Policy

Analysis, Dr. Robert Pfaltzgraff

Jr., President, 675 Massachusetts

Avenue, 10

Floor, Cambridge,

MA, 02139 www.ifpa.org

Founded in 1976, the Institute for

Foreign Policy Analysis is an

independent and nonpartisan

research and strategic-planning

organization that specializes in

issues of national security, foreign

policy, political economics, and

government-industrial relations.

Building on thorough and

innovative analysis, the Institute

and its small-business subsidiary,

National Security Planning

Associates, provide tailored

briefings for government agencies,

military planners, and corporate

executives.

Contact: Intern Coordinator,

[email protected], 617-492-

2116, fax 617-492-8242

Openings: Summer Internships

available for those who have an

MA in international affairs or

equivalent

Ludwig Von Mises Institute,

Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.,

President, 518 West Magnolia

Ave., Auburn, Alabama 36832

www.mises.org

The Mises Institute was founded in

1981 and is dedicated to the work

and vision of Murray N. Rothbard

(1926-1995), philosopher of liberty,

dean of the Austrian School of

economics, historian of American

freedom, and enemy of the welfare-

warfare state. The Journal of

Libertarian Studies and Left and Right

are published by The Mises

Institute. Affiliated Institutes are

located in Belgium and Romania.

Contact: Patricia Barnett, 334-

321-2100; [email protected]

Openings: Summer internships

with compensation of $1000 a

month plus an apartment are

available for students with an

economics background and a

libertarian philosophy.

United States Institute of Peace,

Richard H. Solomon, President,

1200 17

Street, N.W., Suite 200,

Washington, DC 20036

www.usip.org

The United States Institute of

Peace established in 1984 is an

independent, non-partisan federal

institution created and funded by

Congress to strengthen the nation’s

capacity to promote peaceful

resolution of international conflicts.

The Institute offers a variety of

programs, grants fellowships

conferences, publications and other

educational activities. Its board is

appointed by the President of the

United States and confirmed by the

Senate.

Conservative Guide 2007

Constitution/Federalism

American Legislative Exchange

Council, 1129 20

Street, N.W.,

Suite 500, Washington DC 20036

www.alec.org

A Washington based public policy

council dedicated to advancing the

Jeffersonian principles of free

markets, limited government,

federalism, and individual liberty

through a non-partisan partnership

among America’s state legislators

and concerned members of the

private sector, the federal

government, and the public

interest. The organization consists

of 5 Departments.

Contact: Lily Pascucci, Intern

Coordinator, 202-466-3800;

[email protected]

Openings: 14 volunteer interns are

hired each summer on a rolling

basis. Check website at

www.alec.org between January-

February 2004 for application

process.

The Goldwater Institute

500 East Coronado Road

Phoenix, AZ 85004

602-462-5000

www.goldwaterinstitute.org

Founded in 1988 by a small group

of entrepreneurial Arizonians with

the Blessing of Sen. Barry

Goldwater. The Institute share’s a

belief in the innate dignity of

individual human beings, that

America is a nation that grew great

through the ambition of regular

men and women. The Institute

sponsors the Center for

Constitutional Litigation headed by

Clint Bolick, the Center for

Economic Prosperity and the

Center for Educational

Opportunity.

Contact: Clint Bolick at

[email protected]

Federalist Society for Law and

Public Policy Studies, Eugene

B. Meyer, Executive Director,

1015 18

Street, N.W., Suite 425,

Washington, DC 20036

www.fed-soc.org

(L) The Federalist Society is a

conservative/libertarian

organization interested in

promotion of awareness of the

constitution and the federalism

principles. It is founded on the

principles that the state exists to

preserve freedom, that the

separation of governmental powers

is central to our Constitution, and

that it is emphatically the province

and duty of the judiciary to say

what the law is, not what it should

be. In working to achieve these

goals, the Society has created a

conservative and libertarian

intellectual network that extends to

all levels of the legal community.

Contact: Peter Redpath at 202-

822-8138

Openings: full and part-time

internships and writing and

research opportunities

Deadline: November 30

Counter-terrorism/Defense/

Homeland Security

Homeland Security – The current

Republican Administration

established the Office of

Homeland Security in October

2001. Its successor, the

Department of Homeland Security

created in November 2002,

combines more than 40 federal

agencies responsible for border and

transportation security emergency

preparedness and response,

chemical, biological, radiological

and nuclear countermeasures, and

information analysis and

infrastructure protection. The

Department funds $170 million in

port security grants, and $58

million for Operation Safe

Commerce. Many positions are

being filled through state grant

programs and federal agencies.

More than 80 congressional

committees and subcommittees

have responsibility for legislating

policy related to homeland security

and for oversight of the

Department of Homeland Security.

To identify opportunities and your

local state representative,

Contact: www.whitehouse.gov,

or call the Department

headquarters directly at 703-995-

9693, or the Office of Presidential

Personnel at 202-456-5979.

The Nixon Center, Dmitri K.

Simes, President, 1615 L Street

NW, Suite 1250, Washington,

DC 20036, www.nixoncenter.org

A bipartisan public policy

institution formed by former

President Richard Nixon in January

1994, The Nixon center is

committed to the analysis of

challenges to United States policy

through the prism of American

national interest. The specific goal

of the Center is to explore ways of

Conservative Guide 2007

enhancing American security and

prosperity while taking into

account the legitimate perspectives

of other nations. It is the Centers

objective to work on developing

new guiding principles for United

States global engagement in a

dramatically new international

environment, the principles that

would combine hard-headed

pragmatism and fundamental

American values.

Contact: Tom Hommel,

[email protected], 202-887-

1000, fax 202-887-5222

Opportunities: unpaid summer

research internships available

Send: resume, cover letter, and

writing sample

Deadline: May 15

Counterterrorism – To address

terrorism both at home and over

seas, the U.S. Department of

Justice established the

Counterterrorism Section of the

Criminal Division. Its goal is to

design, implement and support law

enforcement efforts, legislative

initiatives, policies and strategies

relating to combating international

and domestic terrorism. The

Section seeks to assist in preventing

and disrupting acts of terrorism

that may occur anywhere in the

world which impact on significant

U.S. interests and persons through

investigation and prosecution. The

Section also administers and

enforces the Foreign Agents

Registration Act of 1938 and

related disclosure statutes.

Contact: Opportunities are

available through DOJ’s Honors

Program and Summer Law

Internship Program. All

applications must be filed by

September 15, for the following

summer.

Defense - The primary focus of

the current Administration is to

win the war on terrorism, sustain

current military readiness,

transform the way the nation

defends itself, and enhance

American intelligence capabilities.

For students interested in defense

and military operations, the

Department of Defense has many

opportunities for summer

internships in Washington, D.C.

and in their field offices

nationwide. International legal

opportunities with the Department

of Defense are usually reserved for

law school graduates. Listed in this

section are strong national defense,

foreign policy and international

relations public policy

organizations.

Contact: Summer clerkship

opportunities with DOD are listed

in OPIA’s Job Search Guide.

American Enterprise Institute,

Christopher DeMuth, President,

1150 17

Street, N.W.,

Washington, DC 20036

www.aei.org 202-862-5800; 202-

862-7177

Founded in 1943, it is one of the

oldest and most highly regarded

conservative research institutes in

Washington, DC. The

conservative-leaning research

institute features a number of

prominent in-house legal scholars,

political scientists, and foreign

policy experts. Scholars and

fellows include Jean J. Kirkpatrick,

Judge Robert H. Bork, and William

Schneider. The AEI website has an

overwhelming amount of material

on a wide variety of issues. AEI

publishes the magazine, The

American Enterprise. AEI recently

established the Federalism Project

to explore opportunities to restore

federalism that limits the national

government power and compels

states to compete for their citizen’s

assets, talent, and business. The

issues it addresses include limited

government, private enterprise,

political institutions, a strong

foreign and national defense policy,

and economic policy.

Contact: Apply online

Approximately 40 internship

opportunities are offered in the fall,

winter and summer; Areas include:

economic policy, foreign and

defense studies; and social and

political studies; full or part-time;

volunteer only; complimentary

breakfast and lunch are offered

daily.

Deadline: January

Send: Resume and cover letter

The Heritage Foundation,

Edward J. Feulner, Ph.D.,

President, 214 Massachusetts

Avenue, N.E., Washington, DC

2002 www.heritage.org

America’s leading conservative

think tank. Heritage addresses the

full spectrum of political issues,

both national and international. It

was founded in 1973 to formulate

and promote conservative public

policies based on the principles of

free enterprise, limited government,

individual freedom, traditional

American values, and a strong

national defense. Prominent

advisors include William Bennett

and former U.S. Attorney General

Edwin Meese. Steve Forbes serves

on the Board of Trustees. Heritage

publishes many of its papers online.

Notable is the annual Index of

Economic Freedom, an interactive

comparative survey of the relative

economic liberty enjoyed in 155

nations. Heritage also publishes

the 2006 Insider Guide to Public Policy

Experts and Organizations available

online at www.policyexperts.org.

Heritage has a staff of 185 plus 25

to 50 interns.

Contact: Intern Coordinator, The

Heritage Foundation at

[email protected],

202-546-4400

Openings: 50 interns are hired

each summer and paid $250 per

week. Housing is available on a

first-come; first-served basis in the

Heritage Foundation’s newly

renovated next-door building. Cost

is $600 per month; Deadline:

February 1.

Conservative Guide 2007

Hoover Institution on War,

Revolution and Peace, Tad and

Dianne Taube, Director,

Stanford University , Stanford,

CA 94305-6010 www.hoover.org

Founded in 1919 by Herbert

Hoover, it is the oldest

conservative-leaning research

center. The Hoover Institution

puts its accumulated knowledge to

work as a prominent contributor to

the world marketplace of ideas

defining a free society. Numerous

Hoover publications are available

online, including weekly essays by

Hoover fellows. Issues: national

security, government

accountability, political and

economic reform, rule of law and

economic performance.

Contact: Christina Ansel, 650-

723-1754; jobs.stanford.edu

No official program –

Recommendations from professors

are accepted

National Institute for Public

Policy, 3031 Javier Road, Suite

300, Fairfax, VA 22031 703-698-

0563 Fax: 703-698-0566

www.nipp.org

NIPP was founded in 1981 to

promote public education on

international issues. The Institute

provides strategic analyses on a full

spectrum of international relations

and national security affairs,

including U.S. defense policy; arms

control information, security and

warfare, space policy, and

education in the area of national

defense. NIPP has 20 full-time

employees. Work is targeted at

U.S. government, foreign and

defense policy decision makers,

Capitol Hill, defense industry

corporate leaders, and the

interested public. A sampling of

recent research areas includes

proliferation of weapons of mass

destruction and missile

technologies, the impact of existing

arms control treaties, and evolving

U.S. defense strategy.

Contact: Amy Joseph, Intern

Coordinator; 703-698-0563; fax

703-293-9198;

[email protected]

Openings: One full time summer

clerk and part-time year round;

Hourly rate

Deadline: Rolling

Send: resume, writing sample and

cover letter detailing interest and

availability

Criminal Justice/ Victims

Rights

In the criminal area, conservative

public interest law has focused on a

balance between the rights of

criminals and the rights of victims

of crime. In recent decisions, a

sharply divided Supreme Court has

upheld questioning an arrestee

without complying with the

Miranda rule, and California’s

tough three-strikes-and-you’re-out

law, ruling that a prison term of 25

years to life is not too harsh for a

small-time thief. Libertarians have

offered a five-point plan to control

violent crime. This plan includes

(1) Protection for victim’s rights

through requiring payment of

restitution to their victims, (2) End

of the prohibition on drugs, (3)

Protection of the right to self-

defense by permitting the private

ownership of firearms, (4) Address

of the root causes of crime by

improving the schools, (5)

Abolishment of welfare and

increase of employment

opportunities by slashing taxes and

government red tape.

Criminal Justice Legal

Foundation, Kent Scheidegger,

Legal Director, P.O. Box 1199

Sacramento, CA 95812

www.cjlf.org

(L) A nonprofit public interest law

organization representing the

interests of law-abiding citizens

before state and federal courts to

restore balance between the rights

of criminals and the rights of the

victims of crime. The primary

work is “friend of the court” briefs

in criminal cases in the United

States Supreme Court, as well as

other courts. Issues include search

and seizure, capital punishment,

habeas corpus, self-incrimination,

and evidence. The foundation also

publishes studies and articles

dealing with crime and criminal

law.

Contact: Michael Rushford at

916-446-0345 Openings: Summer

interns and one law clerk

Deadline: April 1

Education/School Vouchers

One of the fastest growing issues

on the conservative agenda is

charter schools and school

vouchers. Opening the doors to

school choice for both public and

private schools, permitting use of

school vouchers, increasing charter

schools, and improving quality of

education through standardized

testing, smaller pupil teacher ratios,

and establishment of education

savings accounts are common

themes. Cases have been litigated

throughout the country on school

equality, school vouchers, and

charter schools. Libertarians go

even further in reducing

government control by

recommending the elimination of

the U.S. Department of Education.

Alliance for School Choice, Clint

Bolick, President and General

Counsel, 5080 N. 40

Street,

Suite 375 Phoenix, AZ 85018

The mission of the Alliance for

School Choice is to improve the

nations’ system of K-12 education

by advancing public policy that

empowers parents, particularly in

low-income families, to choose the

education they determine is best

for their children.

Contact: Dr. Rhonda Meyer,

Director of Research 202-280-1990

Openings: Semester internships;

hourly rate

Deadline: rolling

Send: cover letter, resume, and

short essay on why school choice is

an important issue

Center for Equal Opportunity,

1400 Pidgeon Hill Drive, Suite

500, Sterling, VA

www.ceousa.org

Conservative Guide 2007

(L) An independent nonprofit

center that conducts research and

education on issues related to race,

ethnicity, bilingual education, and

assimilation.

Contact: Rudy Gersten, Intern

Coordinator; 703-421-5443;

[email protected]

Openings: Summer interns: paid

and unpaid positions

The Heartland Institute, 19

South LaSalle, Suite 903,

Chicago. IL 60603,

www.heartland.org

An 18 year old, independent,

nonprofit center for public policy

research and source of information

for journalists and state and federal

elected officials. Heartland’s

mission is to help build social

movements in support of ideas that

empower people. Such ideas

include parental choice in

education, choice and personal

responsibility in health care,

market-based approaches to

environmental protection,

privatization of public services, and

deregulation in areas where

property rights and markets do a

better job than government

bureaucracies.

Institute for Justice (IJ), William

Mellor, President and General

Counsel, 1717 Pennsylvania

Avenue, N.W. Suite 200,

Washington, DC 20006

www.ij.org

(L) A nonprofit libertarian public

interest law firm that litigates cases

to secure economic liberty, school

choice, private property rights,

freedom of speech, and other vital

individual liberties and to restore

constitutional limits on the power

of government. The Institute also

trains law students, lawyers, and

policy activists in the tactics of

public interest litigation to advance

individual rights. IJ has 30 staffers

(10 lawyers in D.C. and 2-3 lawyers

in Chicago (Clinic on

Entrepreneurship) and Phoenix,

Seattle, and Raleigh).

Contact: D.C. headquarters, Steve

Simpson, 202-955-1300;

[email protected].

Openings: 1Ls/2 Ls - 12 or more

summer clerks are hired with

positions available in offices in

Chicago, Phoenix, Seattle, and

Raleigh; Paid and volunteer

positions as well as externships and

work for credit experiences;

Send: cover letter, writing sample,

and resume to [email protected]

Deadline: December 31

Pioneer Institute for Public

Policy Research, Stephen

Adams, Executive Director, 85

Devonshire Street, Eighth Floor,

Boston, MA 02109,

www.pioneerinstitute.org;

Contact: 617-723-2277

See complete description under

Economic Rights section.

A nonprofit public policy think

tank dedicated to changing the

intellectual climate in

Massachusetts with programs that

develop solutions to real-world

social and economic problems.

Devoted to education reform with

a focus on competition and the

expansion of parental choice.

The Landmark Legal

Foundation in Herndon, VA and

the Texas Justice Foundation in

San Antonio, TX listed under the

Economic Rights section, focus on

policy analysis and legislative

reform based on deregulation,

competition, for-profit schools, and

parental choice.

Environmentalism/Energy

Policy

State and federal government

environmental agencies, the largest

being the U.S. Department of

Environmental Protection in

Washington, D.C, should be

explored if your interests lie in

environmental regulation and

enforcement. The current

environmental focus is on

strengthening the Clean Air Act

and limiting our dependence on

foreign oil while encouraging

environmentally responsible

development in America and

around the world.

Property and Environment

Research Center, 2048 Analysis

Drive, Suite A, Bozeman, MT

59718 www.perc.org

PERC is an internationally

recognized institute dedicated to

seeking out and developing market

solutions to environmental

problems. PERC pioneered the

approach known as free market

environmentalism and conducts

research in the areas of water,

forestry, public lands, and

endangered species, among others.

Research fellows are graduate and

law students with an interest in

natural resources and

environmental issues. Fellows

spend 3 months in Bozeman,

Montana researching and writing a

paper under the supervision of

PERC Associates. A monthly

stipend of $1,600 is provided and

reasonable roundtrip travel

expenses to Montana are

reimbursed. A $250 honorarium is

available for the best paper, and an

additional $250 is awarded to the

person who referred the fellow to

PERC.

Contact: 406-587-9591

Apply online

Deadlines: February 15 early

decision, March 15 regular decision

Conservative Guide 2007

Mountain States Legal

Foundation, 2596 South Lewis

Way, Lakewood, CO 80227

www.mountainstateslegal.org

(L) A nonprofit, public interest

legal center established in 1977that

litigates on behalf of private

citizens, associations, and local

governments. MSLF has had

numerous appearances before the

Supreme Court in nationally

significant, precedent-setting cases.

The Foundation is dedicated to

individual liberty, the right to own

and use property, limited and

ethical government, and the free

enterprise system. Issues include

constitutional law and energy and

natural resources law.

Contact: William Perry Pendley,

President and Chief Legal Officer;

303-292-2021; fax: 303-292-1980

Pacific Legal Foundation,

Robert K. Best, President, 3900

Lennane Drive, Suite 200,

Sacramento, CA 95834

www.pacificlegal.org

(L) Represents the economic,

social, and environmental interests

of the public in court while

emphasizing private property

rights; freedom from excessive

government regulation; free-market

economics; balanced environmental

policy; and non-wasteful,

productive, and fiscally sound

government. Through litigation,

the foundation combats race and

gender preferences, quotas, and set-

asides in government hiring,

education, and contracting.

Contact: Brenda Beltran, 916-419-

7111 [email protected]

Interns: Summer internships

offered in Sacramento, Florida, or

Bellvue depending on needs

Send: Resume, writing sample

Deadline: March 1

Government Accountability

Citizens Against Government,

Thomas A. Schatz, President,

1301 Connecticut Avenue NW,

Suite 400, Washington, DC

20036, www.cagw.org

Citizens against Government Waste

educates Americans about waste,

mismanagement, and inefficiency in

the federal government.

Contact: Intern Coordinator at

[email protected], 202-467-5300,

fax 202-467-4253

Opportunities: Unpaid Summer

Internships

Send: resume, cover letter, and

writing sample

Judicial Watch, Inc., P.O. Box

44444 Washington, D.C. 20026

www.judicialwatch.org 888-593-

8442; fax: 202-646-5199

(L) A nonprofit foundation that

serves as an ethical and legal

watchdog over America’s

government and judicial systems to

promote political and legal reform.

It was established in 1994 by

Chairman and General Counsel

Larry Klayman, a trial attorney with

22 years experience. Takes on

strong affirmative actions on a

case-by-case basis to police ethical

and legal transgressions by

government officials and judges.

Contact: [email protected]

National Legal and Policy

Center, 107 Park Washington

Court, Falls Church, VA 22046-

4237 www.nlpc.org

(L) Promotes ethics, openness, and

accountability in government

through research, education, and

litigation. It conducts credible and

high quality research and public

education as well as provides

expertise to take action through

lawsuits, complaints, congressional

testimony, and even street

demonstrations.

Contact: Kenneth Boehm, Chair,

703-237-1970, fax 703-237-2090

Health Care/Medicaid/Social

Security Reform

Medicare Reform - Increasing

choices and improving health care

through comprehensive Medicare

reform based on patient choice and

control and free market

competition are common

conservative and libertarian policy

stands. Mainstreaming low-income

persons on Medicaid into private

health insurance coverage and

providing a health care tax credit to

unemployed workers who have lost

their jobs and health care coverage

are also goals. Public interest

advocates throughout the country

are driving the expansion of

welfare reform by promoting work,

strengthening marriage, and

expanding education.

Organizations involved in Health

Care Reform include, the Heritage

Foundation in Washington, D.C.,

the Heartland Institute in Chicago,

and the National Center for Policy

Analysis in Washington, D.C.

included in this Guide.

Conservative Guide 2007

Social Security – The present

administration provides support for

the Social Security System through

legislative reform by permitting

voluntary personal retirement

accounts.

www.socialsecuritychoice.org is a

non-partisan advocacy group based

in Washington, D.C. that

represents thousands of individuals

who want to have more control

over their retirement. Local

chapters are cropping up

nationwide, and driving the goals

of the conservatives and

libertarians who promote the

movement toward privatization,

choice and reduction of

governmental control over private

property. The Thomas A. Roe

Institute for Economic Policy

Studies at the Heritage Foundation

has been leading the research and

public policy effort to reform the

social security system

Organizations involved in Social

Security Reform include the

American Enterprise Institute in

Washington, D.C., and the Hoover

Institution, in Stanford, CA.

Immigration

Federation for American

Immigration Reform, 1666

Connecticut Ave., NW, Ste. 400,

Washington, D.C. 20009

www.fairus.org

Founded to identify national

interests, articulate a national

consensus, and advocate a national

immigration policy responsive to

the population, environmental, and

economic realities of our time.

FAIR advocates impact litigation,

community organizing,

administrative hearings, and

individual cases.

Contact: Daniel Stein, Executive

Director or Nancy S. Anthony,

Chairman at 202-328-7004

Political/Legislative and

Electoral Reform

American Conservative Union

Foundation, Richard Lessner,

Executive Director, 1007

Cameron Street, Alexandria, VA

22314 www.conservative.org

The American Conservative Union

is a conservative lobbying

organization. ACU’s purpose is to

communicate and advance the

goals and principles of

conservatism through one multi-

issue umbrella, organization. ACU’s

statement of principles details its

support of capitalism, belief in the

doctrine of original intent of the

Framers of the Constitution,

confidence in traditional moral

values, and commitment to a

strong national defense. Annually

since 1971, ACU has published

ratings of Congress. Based on

actual votes cast on a wide range of

issues, each member of the House

and Senate is rated on a zero to 100

scale, designed to indicate the

strength of his or her adherence to

conservative principles.

Contact: Elizabeth Moody at

[email protected], or 703-

836-8602, fax 703-836-8606

Leadership Institute, Morton C.

Blackwell, President, Steven PJ

Wood Building, 1101 N.

Highland Street, Arlington, VA

22201,

www.leadershipinstitute.org

The Leadership Institute is a

national training organization for

preparing future generations of

conservative leaders. It is devoted

to the task of identifying, recruiting,

training, and placing

philosophically committed

conservatives in positions of

influence in the public policy

process. Since its founding in 1979,

more than 33,000 young adherents

been given the skills necessary for

successful and effective leadership.

Contact: Becky Turco, 800-827-

5323

Openings: Summer Internships

with $450/month stipend and free

housing

Send: application, questionnaire on

website, references, and resume

Deadline: April 6

Manhattan Institute for Policy

Research, Lawrence J. Mone,

President, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue,

New York, NY 10017,

www.manhattan-institute.org

The Manhattan Institute is a

nonpartisan, independent research

and education organization

supported by tax-deductible gifts

from individuals, foundations, and

corporations. The Institute’s goal is

to develop and encourage public

policies at all levels of government

to allow individuals the greatest

scope for achieving their potential,

both as participants in a productive

economy and as members of a legal

functioning society.

Contact: 212-599-7000, fax 212-

599-3494

The Republican National

Committee, Counsel’s Office,

310 First Street, SE Washington,

DC 2000, www.rnc.org

The RNC Counsel’s Office

provides internal legal support for

the RNC to maintain full

compliance with federal and state

election laws, files amicus briefs

with the U.S. Supreme Court in

major constitutional cases, and

communicates with Congress and

state legislatures regarding

campaign finance and election

administration reform. One of the

most noteworthy recent matters in

litigation is the RNC’s challenge to

the Bipartisan Campaign Finance

Reform Act of 2000, Republican

National Committee, et al. v. Federal

Election Committee.

Contact: RNC Counsel’s Office,

Intern Coordinator, phone: 202-

863-8500; fax: 202-863-8820

Openings: 1Ls /2Ls – paid and

unpaid on an as needed basis.

International Republican

Institute (IRI), Lorne W. Craner

President, 1225 Eye Street,

N.W., Suite 700, Washington,

D.C. 20005, 202-408-9450; Fax:

202-408-9462 www.iri.org

Conservative Guide 2007

IRI opened its doors in 1983 as a

nonpartisan, nonprofit organization

dedicated to advancing democracy

worldwide. The Institute is guided

by the fundamental American

principles of individual liberty, the

rule of law and the entrepreneurial

spirit. From its headquarters in

Washington, D.C. and more than

25 overseas offices, IRI sends

expert volunteer trainers, elected

officials and skilled staff members

to more than 50 countries around

the world to teach others how to

build lasting democracies and

conduct legal, legislative and

electoral reform work. IRI is

chaired by Senator John McCain

(R-Ariz.), and includes Lawrence S.

Eagleburger, former Secretary of

State, Dr. Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick,

former United States Ambassador

to the United Nations, and Brent

Scowcroft, former National

Security Advisor.

Contact: Review job postings on

the web site at www.iri.org

Deadline: Rolling and as jobs are

posted; paid and volunteer

James M. Buchanan Center for

Political Economy, Dr. Tyler

Cowen, Director, Buchanan

House MSN 1D3, Fairfax, VA

22030, www.gmu.edu/jbc

The James M. Buchanan Center for

Political Economy is named in

honor of Nobel prize-winning

economist and George mason

University emeritus professor

James M. Buchanan, whose work

has enriched our understanding of

the interrelationship between

politics, law, and the economy. The

Center builds on that legacy with a

commitment to rigorous,

interdisciplinary scholarship. The

Center and GMU faculty work

together to build and apply an

understanding of how individuals

cooperate through the market and

political processes. The Center is

committed to both innovative

research and education.

Contact: 703-993-2327, fax 703-

993-2334, [email protected]

Telecommunications and the

Internet

This emerging area encompasses a

wide variety of legal and public

policy issues including removal of

government barriers to the revival

of the technology market by

reducing regulations and taxes and

identifying non-regulatory means of

protecting intellectual property on

the Internet. The challenge for

policymakers is to allow for better

enforcement of property rights

while not imposing new regulations

on the technology.

Free Congress Foundation, Paul

M. Weyrich, President, 717

Second Street, NE, Washington,

DC 20002,

www.freecongress.org

A Washington based conservative

think tank that focuses on cultural

conservatism. Operates three

centers for technology policy, law

and democracy and cultural

conservatism. Dedicated to

conservative governance,

traditional values, and institutional

reform. Research areas include

judicial activism, technology policy,

voters’ rights, cultural

conservatism, and privacy issues.

Contact: Mr. Harrison, Intern

Coordinator, 202-546-3000; fax:

202-543-5605

Progress and Freedom

Foundation (PFF), Raymond L.

Gifford, President, 1444 Eye

Street, N.W., Suite 500,

Washington, DC 20005

www.pff.org

A market-oriented think tank

founded in 1993 that studies the

impact of the digital revolution and

its implications for public policy.

PFF examines the implications of

the digital revolution and the

relationship of the existing legal

framework that causes power to

migrate away from large,

centralized institutions and move

closer to the people and in that

sense favors personal freedom.

The foundation researches

telecommunications policy,

encryption and privacy,

competition in electric energy,

medical innovation and regulation,

and social implications of the

digital revolution.

Contact: Raymond Gilford,

Senior Adjunct Fellow,

[email protected], Attn: Jane Creel,

202-289-8928; [email protected]

Conservative Guide 2007

Transportation

Market reforms are being enacted

at the state and federal levels to

privatize the federal highway

system, Amtrak, state

transportation programs including

underground and surface

transportation systems, and the

federal aviation program.

Transportation issues are the focus

of state agencies such as the

Massachusetts Highway

Department, the Massachusetts

Turnpike Authority, the

Massachusetts Water Resources

Authority and Massport Authority.

The U.S. Department of

Transportation, the Federal

Highway Administration, and the

Federal Aviation Administration

operate related agencies on the

federal level. Nonprofit public

policy organizations that cover

transportation deregulation are the

Institute for Justice, the American

Enterprise Institute, and the

Heritage Foundation in

Washington, D.C.

Reason Foundation, David C.

Nott, President, 3415 South

Sepulveda Boulevard, Suite 400,

Los Angeles, CA 90034 310-391-

2245; fax: 310-391-4395

www.reason.org

A national research and educational

organization that provides practical

public policy research, analysis, and

commentary based upon individual

liberty, limited government, and

market competition. Issues include

transportation, aviation security,

environmental policy, privatization,

and government reform.

Contact: All internships and job

openings are posted on the web site at

www.reason.org

International Organizations

Non-Governmental

Organizations (NGO’s)

Listed below is just a sampling of

international organizations that

focus on democracy building,

market economies and privatization

located throughout the world. In

addition to the international

organizations listed in this guide,

the Heritage Foundation’s 2003

Insider’s Guide to Public Policy Exports

and Organizations contains an

extensive list by country. Also, an

excellent overview of governmental

and nonprofit organizations can be

found in OPIA’s International Public

Interest Law Guide to Opportunities in

the United States and Abroad.

The Foundation for Democracy

in Africa, 1612 K street NW,

Suite 1104 Washington, DC

20006

www.democracy-africa.org

A Washington-based nonprofit,

nonpartisan organization. The

Foundation was founded in 1994

with the intent to vertically

integrate a culturally based program

aimed at strengthening and

enhancing the fundamental

principles of democracy, freedom,

and economic plurality in Africa.

The mission of the Foundation is

to implement the principles of

culturally based democratic

government within the African

society, bringing the countries of

Africa into the mainstream of the

global economy through free

enterprise, thus cultivating the

pathway for peace and prosperity

from resulting economic

opportunity.

Contact: 202-331-1333, fax: 202-

331-8547, comments@democracy-

africa.org

National Defense Council

Foundation (NDCF), 1220 King

Street, Suite 230, Alexandria, VA

22314, [email protected] The

NDCF is a non-governmental

organization and receives no

federal funding or direction. The

Foundation studies defense and

foreign affairs issues that face the

United States of America today,

specializing in the study of low-

intensity conflict, the drug war, and

energy concerns. They brief

Congress, the media, and members

on matters that affect the

socioeconomic, political, and

military aspects of the Nation.

Issues and geographic focus

include Afghanistan, Africa,

American diplomacy/foreign

policy; China; Latin America; Asia,

Middle East and the Philippines,

Australia, and New Zealand.

Preference for interns with military

background.

Contact: 703-836-3433, fax 703-

836-5402

Openings: Information posted on

web site at

www.ndcf.org/interns/intern/html

The Foundation for the Defense

of Democracies (FDD), P.O.

Box 33249 Washington, DC

20033

www.defenddemocracy.org

The Foundation for the Defense of

Democracies is a non-

governmental organization funded

by a diverse group of individual

philanthropists. FDD was created

in the wake of the attacks on

Conservative Guide 2007

America on September 11, 2001

and covers a broad range of issues

related to the war on terrorism

such as the role of democracy-

building in counterterrorism, civil

liberties and homeland security.

The organization does not seek to

advance any political party or

views. Founding members and

distinguished advisors include Steve

Forbes, Jack Kemp, Jeanne

Kirkpatrick, and James Woolsey.

Advisors include members of

Congress from both parties.

Contact: 202-207-0190;

fax: 202-207-0191

[email protected]

Openings: Check web site for

application process and

reimbursements. All internships

are volunteer;

Deadline: March 16

Argentina - Center for the

Implementation of Public

Policies Promoting Equity and

Growth, Av. Callao 25, 1 B,

C1022AAA Buenos Aires,

Argentina, USA: Two Penn

Plaza, Suite 1500, New York, NY

10121 www.cippec.org USA

CIPPEC is an independent,

nonprofit organization that

promotes the analysis and

implementation of public policies

fostering equity and growth in

Argentina and Latin America. Its

objectives include to assist

governments perform their

functions in a more efficient

manner, serve as a source of

information for policymakers,

provide tools and information to

individuals and organizations

through seminars and publications,

and produce research on public

policy that complements other

organizations. CIPPEC’s current

focus is on health care policy, fiscal

policy, and public sector reform.

Contact: 212-292-4973

Australia - The Centre for

Independent Studies, PO Box

92, St. Leonards, NSW Australia

1590 www.cis.org.au

The Center is Australia’s leading

public policy research institute.

Founded in Sydney, its major

concern is with the principles and

conditions of an open society, with

particular focus on Australia and

New Zealand It embraces the free

market and other voluntary

processes in providing services

normally supplied by the

compulsory methods of

government. It prides itself on

being independent and non-

partisan in its funding and research.

Since 1976, the CIS has conducted

research into economics, social

status, government, environment,

and foreign affairs. The

organization sponsors lectures and

seminars and publishes a quarterly

journal entitled Policy.

Contact: Jennifer Buckingham,

Policy Analyst, 011-61-2-9438-4377

Belgium - Ludwig von Mises

Institute Europe, Herendreef 20,

3001 Leuven, Belgium

www.vonmisesinstitute-

europe.org The Institute aims to

foster respect for individual liberty,

and the free market economy and

to promote a better understanding

of the Rule of Law in a free society

especially with regard to the free

association and movement of

persons, goods, services, and

capital in the European context.

The activities of the Institute

include education and scientific

research, application of the

principle of the Rule of Law to the

European Union, conferences,

publications, and scholarship

programs. The Institute was

named after professor Ludwig von

Mises (1881-1973), a leading

exponent of the Austrian School of

Economics and teacher of the

Nobel prize winner in Economics,

F.A. von Hayek.

Contact: Annette Godart-

VanderKroon, 011-32-16-295-833;

fax: 011-32-16-584-568

Ms. Annette Godard-van der

Krron at

assistant@vonmisesinstitute-

europe.org, indicating LVMI-

Europe in the subject field

Deadline: March 22

Canada - The Fraser Institute,

1770 Burrard Street, 4

floor,

Vancouver, BC Canada V6J

3G7, www.fraserinstitute.ca

The Fraser Institute is an

independent non-partisan

organization dedicated to raising

the level of understanding about

economic and social policy

including economic freedom,

environmental risk, fiscal policy,

governance, and the law and

markets. The Institute’s Fiscal

Studies department looks at

taxation levels, debts, deficits and

spending, and the budgets of

governments across Canada and

the United States. The department

has looked at the issue of a

common North American currency

and examined the potential benefits

of a flat tax.

Contact: Annabel Addington,

604-688-0221; fax: 604-688-8539

Send: Resume and cover letter to

Chile – Libertad y Desarrollo,

Alcantara 498, Las Condes,

Santiago, Chile www.lyd.com

A private research center and think

tank dedicated to the analysis of

public policy and to promoting the

values and principles of a free

society and market economy.

Research areas include national and

international economics, social

affairs programs, political and

institutional programs, legislative

Conservative Guide 2007

programs, and environmental

programs.

Contact: Carlos Caceres, 011-56-2-

3774800; fax: 011-56-2-2077723

Croatia - Institute for

International Relations, ul.

Ljudevita Farkasa Vukotinovica

2, PO Box 303, Zagreb, Croatia

www.imo.hr

The Institute is a public, nonprofit

policy research organization

engaged in the interdisciplinary

study of international economic

and political relations, transitional

policy, international markets,

sustainable development foreign

policy analysis and culture and

communication. Activities include

research projects, seminars,

strategic support to decision

makers, international organizations

and regional and international

industry.

Contact: Visnja Samardzija 011-

385-1-48-26-522; fax: 011-385-1-

48-28-361

Hong Kong – Hong Kong

Policy Research Institute, 5/F.,

China Hong Kong Tower, 8-12,

Hennessy Road, Wanchai Hong

Kong www.hkpri.org.hk

With Hong Kong’s return to China

on July 1, 1997, 17 people from

various businesses, professional

and academic backgrounds,

including individuals from different

political parties, came together to

form the Hong Kong Policy

Research Institute in 1995. Its

primary purpose is to participate in

the long-term development of

Hong Kong and of the Chinese

Community. As well as

committing to quality research, the

Institute is actively building

relationships with the Hong Kong

Government and the Hong Kong

and Macao Affairs Office of the

State Council of China, and has set

up collaborative research work with

think tanks in the Mainland,

Taiwan, and overseas countries.

Contact: Jane Lee, 011-852-2686-

1905

India - Liberty Institute, J-259,

Saket (2

floor) New Delhi,

India 110 017

www.libertyindia.org

The Liberty Institute was formed

to promote awareness and

appreciation for the four

institutional pillars of a free society

– individual rights, the rule of law,

limited government, and free

markets. The Institute proposes

market-based alternatives to

government regulations in areas

such as social policy, health and

safety, and environmental

regulations. The Board of

Advisors includes company

representatives and U.S. professors

and policy experts.

Contact: Barun S. Mitram 011-91-

11-652-8244; fax: 011-91-11-653-

2345

Israel - Institute for Advanced

Strategic and Political Studies,

16 Bilu Street, Jerusalem, Israel

93221 www.iasps.org

IASPS is a Jerusalem based think

tank with an affiliated office in

D.C. Its main focus is limited

government. The Institute pursues

its policy initiatives by training

Israel’s best university graduates in

economics and strategic studies.

These students in additions to

serving as research aides in the

Israeli Parliament (Knesset) and the

U.S. Congress are becoming Israel’s

first independent policy

community.

Contact: U.S. 1020 Sixteenth St.,

NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC

20036, Tel. 202-833-9716

Kenya – Inter Region Economic

Network (IREN), Box 135, GPO

Code 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.

The Inter Region Economic

Network is a non-governmental,

nonpartisan organization that

promotes a pro-choice approach to

free market policies and classical

liberal ideas that will enable and

encourage the development of

Kenya, East Africa, and Africa in

general. Its mission is to engage a

greater number of people in

challenging debates, writings, and

research based on the recognition

that “A free human mind is the

mainspring of all development.”

IREN’s vision is to be the most

effective organization in promoting

the creation of a free society where

markets inform people’s choices

and decisions.

Contact: 011-245-2-2723258, fax:

011-254-20-2723258

Russia – The Institute for the

Economy in Transition (IET), 5,

Gazetny pereulok, strojenije 3, 5

Moscow 103918, Russia

www.iet.ru/index2.htm

The Institute is the leading Russian

center of research in theoretical and

applied economics, strategy for

economic development of the

country, and recommendations on

specific economic policies. The

Institute includes a postgraduate

and correspondence departments

specializing in “Political Economy”

and “Economics and National

Economy Management.”

Contact: Dr. Yegor Gaidar,

Director 011-7-095-203-8816

South Africa – The South

African Institute of Race

Relations, Dumbarton House, 1

Church Street, Suite 6, Cape

Town 8001, South Africa

www.sairr.org.za

Conservative Guide 2007

The Institute founded in 1929

stands for constitutional and

economic liberalism based on

individual rights, the rule of just

law, democratic governance, free

enterprise, the creation of

opportunities for the poor and

racial goodwill. Committed also to

human development, the Institute

runs one of the largest bursary

programs in South Africa

graduating nearly 2000 students.

Contact: 011-27-82-424-5456

Turkey – Turkish Foreign Policy

Institute (FPI), Bilkent

University – East Campus 06533

Ankara, Turkey

www.foreignpolicy.org.tr

FPI was founded in 1974 as a

private organization. Its Council of

Administration is composed of

academicians, diplomats, and

bureaucrats. It is currently

affiliated with the Turkish

Foundation for International

Relations and Strategic Studies. It

aims at contributing to foreign

policy through research, meetings,

and publications.

Contact: Seyfi Tashan, 011-90-

312-266-2871

United Kingdom – The Adam

Smith Institute, 23 Great Smith

Street, London SW1P 3 BL,

United Kingdom

www.adamsmith.org.uk

The Institute is the UK’s leading

innovator of market economic

policies. It researches practical

ways to spread choice, extend

competition and markets, and roll

back big government, high taxes,

and intrusive regulation.

Independent and nonprofit, it

works through public debate in the

media, research, publications,

conferences, and events. The

Institute’s international division has

helped many governments across

the world to reduce poverty and

improve the standards of their

people. The Institute’s next

generation group brings together

school and university students and

young people starting their careers

who are interested in public affairs

and given them the opportunity to

meet, learn, and create. The

Institute operates with a small staff,

and occasionally accepts

volunteers.

Contact: Steve Bettison, 011-44-

207-222-4995

United Kingdom – International

Policy Network (IPN), 2 Lord

North Street, P.O. Box 38525,

London SW1P 3YB, United

Kingdom

www.policynetwork.net The

mission of the network is to

promote property rights, the rule of

law, free markets, and free speech.

Issues include free trade,

technology, development,

environment, and health policy.

IPN accepts interns on an as

needed basis.

Contact: Julian Morris, Director,

011-44-20-7799-8922; fax: 011-44-

20-7233-1070;

[email protected]

United Kingdom – Westminster

Foundation for Democracy

Programme, The Conservative

Party, 25 Victoria Street,

London, SW1H 0DL, United

Kingdom.

www.conservatives.com

The Conservative Party (officially

called the Conservative and

Unionist Party) is the second

largest political party in the United

Kingdom in terms of sitting

Members of Parliament, the largest

in terms of public membership, and

the oldest political party in the

United Kingdom. The party is

supportive of reduced government

intervention in most matters. Since

the election of David Cameron as

leader, party policy has increasingly

focused on quality of life issues like

the environment, the improvement

of government services, and

schools.

Conservative Guide 2007

David E. Forte, Conservatism and the

Rehnquist Court, Heritage Lecture #438,

The Heritage Foundation, Washington,

D.C., April 10, 1993

Rusmeld v. Forum for Academic and

Institutional Rights (FAIR), 126 S. Ct. 1297

(2006); Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of

N. New England, 126 S. Ct. 961 (2006;

Daimler Chrysler Corp. v. Cuno, 126 S. Ct.

1854 (2006); Hill v. McDonough, 126 S.

Ct. 2096 (2006) and Gonzales v. O Centro

Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal, 126

S. Ct. 1211 (2006).

iii

Parents Involved In Community Schools v.

Seattle School Distrct No. 1 et al., 551 U.S.

___ (2007)

Bakke v. Regents of the University of

California (1978)

Grutter V. Bollinger 539 US. 306 (2003)

Gratz v. Bollinger 539 U.S. 244 (2003)

vii

Sandra Day O’Connor, The Majesty of

The Law, Reflections of a Supreme Court

Justice, Random House, Arizona

p. 14.

viii

Lino A. Graglia, The Myth of a

Conservative Supreme Court: The

October 2000 Term, The Harvard Journal

of Law & Public Policy, Volume 26,

Number 1 at 291, Winter 2003.

Id at 288.

David Boaz, Libertarianism, A Primer,

The Free Press, A Division of Simon &

Schuster Inc., 1997.

Policy Experts, The Insider Guide to

Public Policy Experts and Organizations,

2005-2006 Edition, The Heritage

Foundation, 2005

xii

See www.margaretthatcher.org

xiii

Walz v. Tax Comm’n of N.Y., 397 U.S.

664, 673 (1970).

xiv

Alan Charles Cors and Harvey A.

Silverglate, The Shadow University, The

Free Press, A Division of Simon &

Schuster Inc., 1998, HarperPerennial,

1999.

*The Insiders Guide to Policy Experts

2005, The Heritage Foundation, 2005.