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T R E A T Y O F M U T U A L C O O P E R A T I O N A N D S E C U R I T Y B E T W E E N T H E
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND JAPAN (JANUARY 19, 1960)
Introduction
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Although the American Occupation of Japan came to an end on April 28, 1952, when the San Francisco Peace Treaty
went into effect, the United States was hardly prepared to abandon its military presence in Japan. With Japan a key
strategic partner in Cold War Asia, the Korean War still in progress, and the military threats from China and the Soviet
Union apparently very real, American planners were insistent that substantial U.S. forces needed to remain in place in
Japan. At the peace negotiations in 1951, the Japanese delegation was pressured to endorse a separate security
agreement with the United States. The Japanese were reluctant to accept this ongoing subordination to America, but
had no choice but to acquiesce, signing the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty on the same day (September 8, 1951) as the
San Francisco Peace Treaty. The Security Treaty was revised and renewed in 1960 and almost 50,000 American troops
are still stationed in Japan today.
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Selected Document
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Treaty'of'Mutual'Cooperation'and'Security''
between'the'United'States'of'America'and'Japan'(January'19,'1960)'
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Signed'at'Washington,'January'19,'1960'
Approved'by'the'diet,'June'19,'1960'
Ratification'decided'by'the'cabinet,'June'21,'1960'
Attested,'June'21,'1960'
Ratifications'exchanged'at'Tokyo,'June'23,'1960'
Promulgated,'June'23,'1960'
Entered'into'force,'June'23,'1960'
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Japan!and!the!United!States!of!America,!
Desiring!to!strengthen!the!bonds!of!peace!and!friendship!traditionally!existing!between!
them,!and!to!uphold!the!principles!of!democracy,!individual!liberty,!and!the!rule!of!law,!!!
Desiring! further! to! encourage! closer! economic! cooperation! between! them! and! to!
promote!conditions!of!economic!stability!and!well‑being!in!their!countries,!!
Reaffirming! their! faith! in! the! purposes! and! principles! of! the! Charter! of! the! United!
Nations,!and!their!desire!to!live!in!peace!with!all!peoples!and!all!governments,!
Primary Source Document
TREATY OF MUTUAL COOPERATION AND SECURITY
BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND JAPAN (JANUARY 19, 1960)
Asia for Educators l Columbia University l http://afe.easia.columbia.edu Page 2 of 4
Recognizing!that!they!have!the!inherent!right!of!individual!or!collective!self‑defense!as!
affirmed!in!the!Charter!of!the!United!Nations,!
Considering!that!they!have!a!common!concern!in!the!maintenance!of!international!peace!
and!security!in!the!Far!East,!
Having!resolved!to!conclude!a!treaty!of!mutual!cooperation!and!security!
Therefore!agree!as!follows:!
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ARTICLE!I!
The! Parties! undertake,! as! set! forth! in! the! Charter! of! the! United! Nations,! to! settle! any!
international!disputes!in!which!they!may!be!involved!by!peaceful!means!in!such!a!manner!that!
international! peace! and! security! and! justice! are! not! endangered! and! to! refrain! in! their!
international!relations!from!the!threat!or!use!of!force!against!the!territorial!integrity!or!political!
independence!of!any! state,!or!in!any!other!manner!inconsistent!with!the!purposes!of!the!United!
Nations.!
The!Parties!will!endeavor!in!concert!with!other!peace‑loving!countries!to!strengthen!the!
United! Nations! so! that! its! mission! of! maintaining! international! peace! and! security! may! be!
discharged!more!effectively.!
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ARTICLE!II!
The! Parties! will! contribute! toward! the! further! development! of! peaceful! and! friendly!
international! relations! by! strengthening! their! free! institutions,! by! bringing! about! a! better!
understanding!of!the!principles!upon!which!these!institutions!are!founded,!and!by!promoting!
conditions!of!stability!and!well‑being.!They!will!seek!to!eliminate!conflict!in!their!international!
economic!policies!and!will!encourage!economic!collaboration!between!them.!
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ARTICLE!Ill!
The! Parties,! individually! and! in! cooperation! with! each! other,! by! means! of! continuous!
and!effective!self‑help!and!mutual!aid!will!maintain!and!develop,!subject!to!their!constitutional!
provisions,!their!capacities!to!resist!armed!attack.!
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ARTICLE!IV!
The!Parties!will!consult!together!from!time!to!time!regarding!the!implementation!of!this!
Treaty,!and,!at!the!request!of!either!Party,!whenever!the!security!of!Japan!or!international!peace!
and!security!in!the!Far!East!is!threatened.!
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TREATY OF MUTUAL COOPERATION AND SECURITY
BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND JAPAN (JANUARY 19, 1960)
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ARTICLE!V!
Each!Party!recognizes!that!an!armed!attack!against!either!Party!in!the!territories!under!
the!administration!of!Japan!would!be!dangerous!to!its!own! peace!and!safety!and!declares!that!it!
would! act! to! meet! the! common! danger! in! accordance! with! its! constitutional! provisions! and!
processes.!
Any!such!armed!attack!and!all!measures!taken!as!a!result!thereof!shall!be!immediately!
reported! to! the! Security! Council! of! the! United! Nations! in! accordance! with! the! provisions! of!
Article! 51! of! the! Charter.! Such! measures! shall! be! terminated! when! the! Security! Council! has!
taken!the!measures!necessary!to!restore!and!maintain!international!peace!and!security.!
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ARTICLE!VI!
For! the! purpose! of! contributing! to! the! security! of! Japan! and! the! maintenance! of!
international!peace!and!security!in!the!Far!East,!the!United!States!of!America!is!granted!the!use!
by!its!land,!air!and!naval!forces!of!facilities!and!areas!in!Japan.!
The! use!of!these!facilities!and!areas!as! well!as!the!status!of!United!States! armed!forces!in!
Japan! shall! be! governed! by! a! separate! agreement,! replacing! the! Administrative! Agreement!
under!Article!III!of!the!Security!Treaty!between!Japan!and!the!United!States!of!America,!signed!
at!Tokyo!on!February!28,!1952,!as!amended,!and!by!such!other!arrangements!as!may!be!agreed!
upon.!
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ARTICLE!VII!
This!Treaty!does!not!affect!and!shall!not!be!interpreted!as!affecting!in!any!way!the!rights!
and!obligations!of!the!Parties!under!the!Charter!of!the!United!Nations!or!the!responsibility!of!
the!United!Nations!for!the!maintenance!of!international!peace!and!security.!
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ARTICLE!VIII!
This! Treaty! shall! be! ratified! by! Japan! and! the! United! States! of! America! in! accordance!
with!their!respective!constitutional!processes!and!will!enter!into!force!on!the!date!on!which!the!
instruments!of!ratification!thereof!have!been!exchanged!by!them!in!Tokyo.!
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ARTICLE!IX!
The!Security!Treaty!between!Japan!and!the!United!States!of!America!signed!at!the!city!of!
San!Francisco!on!September!8,!1951!shall!expire!upon!the!entering!into!force!of!this!Treaty.!
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TREATY OF MUTUAL COOPERATION AND SECURITY
BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND JAPAN (JANUARY 19, 1960)
Asia for Educators l Columbia University l http://afe.easia.columbia.edu Page 4 of 4
ARTICLE!X!
This!Treaty!shall!remain!in!force!until!in!the!opinion!of!the!Governments!of!Japan!and!
the! United! States! of! America! there! shall! have! come! into! force! such! United! Nations!
arrangements! as! will! satisfactorily! provide! for! the! maintenance! of! international! peace! and!
security!in!the!Japan!area.!
However,! after!the!Treaty!has!been!in!force! for!ten!years,!either!Party!may!give! notice!to!
the!other!Party!of!its!intention!to!terminate!the!Treaty,!in!which!case!the!Treaty!shall!terminate!
one!year!after!such!notice!has!been!given.!
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IN!WITNESS!WHEREOF!the!undersigned!Plenipotentiaries!have!signed!this!Treaty.!!!
DONE!in!duplicate!at!Washington!in!the!Japanese!and!English!languages,!both!equally!
authentic,!this!19th!day!of!January,!1960.!
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FOR'JAPAN:''
Nobusuke!Kishi!!
Auchiro!Fujiyama!!
Mitsujiro!Ishii!!
Tadashi!Adachi!!
Koichiro!Asakai!!!
FOR'THE'UNITED'STATES'OF'AMERICA:'
Christian!A.!Herter!
Douglas!MacArthur!2nd!
J.!Graham!Parsons!