Prosperity 1 The Old Testament and Prosperity Gospel Teachings

Prosperity1

TheOldTestamentandProsperityGospelTeachings

1.0Introduction

Prosperitytheologyisamodernscripturalinterpretationthatassertsthatfollowersof

ChristianitycanexpectfinancialblessingsaspartofGod’swill.Byfollowingtheirscriptural

interpretationsofbeingagoodChristian,whichincludesdonations,positivespeechand

followingthetencommandments,individualswillhaveahigherdegreeofwealthandprosperity.

Prosperitygospelteachingandjustificationsareneithersubscribedtobymajordenominations

norlargecrosssectionsofBiblicalscholars.Asaresult,thoseindividualsteachingandfollowing

prosperitybasedgospelsaredoingsofromnondenominationalChristiancatalysts.Ratherthan

groupsofChurches,prosperitygospelsaregenerallyconfinedtoindividualchurchesranby

singularleadershipstructures.Thereasonforthelackofpopularityinprosperitygospelsisdue

tothelackofBiblicalevidencetosupportsuchproclamations.Incontrast,thereisfarmore

evidenceintheOldandNewTestamentstorefuteprosperityteachingsthanthereistojustify

them.InanefforttoillustratewhyprosperitygospelsarenotsupportedbytheOldTestament,

thisworkwilldrawfromBiblicalscholars,prophetsandthebooksoftheOldTestament.In

doingso,theloosefoundationsonwhichsuchteachingsrestswillbehighlighted.Beyondthis,a

betterunderstandingofthetruerelationshipbetweenGodandmanwillbefacilitated.According

toStenhammar,“Theprosperitygospelispoor,andwhentakeninfulldosageithasa

devastatingsideeffect;itimpoverishestheChristianfaith.”



Holistically,subscribingtothe

prosperitygospeldeclarationsiscontrarytothefundamentalunderpinningsofChristianity.For

truefollowersofJesusChrist,itisimportanttounderstandsuchdistinctions.

Stenhammar,M.“ThePovertyoftheProsperityGospel.”LausanneGlobalConversation



(2010):75.



Prosperity2

2.0FoundationsoftheProsperityGospel

WhiletherearesomeBiblicalversesthatwhentakenoutofcontextarefrequentlyused

bysubscriberstoprosperitygospelstobacktheirclaims,theprimarymotivationforbeing

attractedtoprosperitygospelsisveryhumaninnature.Humanbeingstendtoseethemselvesat

thecenterofimportance,whereasthecenterofimportanceintheOldandNewTestaments

wouldbeGodandGod’swill.Asthecenteroftheirownintrospection,itisofsmallwonderthat

adoctrineofembracingGodtoachieveabetterhumanconditionwouldbeattractive.Withinthe

realmsoftheprosperitygospelisageneralfocusonmaterialwealth.Materialwealth,however,

isahumancondition.Stenhammarcontends,“Thepromisesofhealthandwealthforall

Christiansareexcitingandappealingastheyoftenarepresentedbyrhetoricallygiftedspeakers

whoseemlargerthanlife.”



Beingthatrhetoricallygiftedspeakersaretheprimarydisseminators

ofprosperityteaching,theydohavetheabilitytogainloyalfollowingsastheyfirstare

charismaticandnaturallyleadersandsecondtheyareproducingamessageinwhichhumansfind

greatcomfort.ItisfarmoredifficulttounderstandGod’snaturewhenthatnatureissometimes

unpredictable,whenitsometimesispunitiveandwhenithasacomponentoffreewillthat

allowsforearthlybasedsufferingtohappentoeventhemostdevout.

Typically,understandingofscripturecomesfromeitherofficialChurchagenciesor

contemporaryscholars.



Thetraditionofbreakingfromofficialinterpretationsofscripturecanbe

datedbacktoEnlightenmentphilosophy.



Essentially,eventslikethereformationtookpower

fromwhattheyconsideredtobecorruptofficialChurchinterpretationsofscripturethatwere

servingmanandhumanpowerratherthantheactualwordofGod.Thoughnotanofficialor

Stenhammar,M.“ThePovertyoftheProsperityGospel.”LausanneGlobalConversation.



75.

Brueggeman,W.TheologyoftheOldTestament



(Minneapolis:Fortress,1997).

Hasel,G.F.OldTestamentTheology:BasicIssuesintheCurrentDebate



(GrandRapids:Eerdmans,1991).



Prosperity3

evenalargemovement,thefoundationsofprosperitygospelareputtingforthadoctrinethat

heraldsahumanagendaratherthanaholyone.Prosperitygospel,therefore,isaconvenient

oversimplificationthatprovideshumanswithamessagethattheywishtohear.

2.1ThePlaceoftheOldTestament

PerhapsevenmoresothantheNewTestament,theOldTestamenthasauniquecapacity

tospeakinreferencetolivesofcommunitiesandindividuals.



Whileitisunderstoodthatthe

centralthemeintheNewTestamentisJesusChristandhisresurrection,thereisnosuch

agreementastothecentralthematicoftheOldTestament.



Ingeneral,itcanbestatedthatthere

isageneralavoidanceoftheOldTestamentbyeventhemostdevoutfollowersofChristianity.

AccordingtoPeels,

ThewayinwhichtheOldtestamentspeaksaboutGodmaybealienandevenfrightening

totheaveragereaderoftheBible.TheGodwhohideshimselfinanger,executesrevenge,

andwhoinjealousyoutpourswrathandjudgementWhoishe?CanthisGodbetrusted?

Thesearequestionsthatnotonlyraisetheologicalproblems,butalsotouchtheheartof our

faithandexperience. 

TheresultofthisphenomenonhasbeenwhatDyrnessdescribedastypicalChristianstudytime.

UnderthetypicalChristianstudyingprocess,theOldTestamentisgenerallyonlyconsultedon

occasionandwhenitis,itusuallyisconfinedtoPsalmsandProverbswithoccasional

considerationofProphets.



“TheresultisthatmanyChristiansfailtounderstandthewholescope

ofGod’srevelationofhimselftheyhaveanincompletepictureofGod’spurposes.” 

WithacultureofavoidanceandgenerallylessunderstandingoftheOldTestament,the

bookisripeforhijackingbyindividualsseekingtopushforththeirownagenda.Itiscertainly

Goldingay,J.OldTestamentTheology(DownersGrove:IVP2003).

Hasel,G.F.OldTestamentTheology:BasicIssuesintheCurrentDebate

Peels,H.G.L.ShadowSides:TheRevelationofGodintheOldTestament



(Carlisle:Paternoster,2003):1

Dyrness,W.ThemesinOldTestamentTheology



(Exeter:Paternoster,1979).

Ibid.15.



Prosperity4

notsomethingneworevenuniquetomisquoteortakebiblicalpassagesoutofcontextinorderto

rationalizeahumanagendathatwouldbecontrarytothetruemessageofGod’sword.According

toBiblicalscholar,Rendtorff,ChristianshavefrequentlyhijackedIsrael’sBibleandimposed

uponittheirownaliencategories.



Whilethisfindingcangenerallybeusedtodemonstratehow

theOldTestamenthasandcontinuestobemisused,thenatureofprosperitygospelasan

offshootofofficialChristiandoctrinesmakesiterroneoustocallprosperityinterpretationsa

generalChristianphenomenon.ThefactthattheOldTestamentissofrequentlymisunderstood

andsoeasilymanipulatedtoservehumanneedsdemonstratesnotonlywhyitisimportantthat

Christiansstudytheteachingswithmorefocusthanhastraditionallybeallocated,italso

demonstrateshowsomethingliketheprosperitygospelcantakeonalifeofitsownandcaptivate

humanswhobelievetheyarefollowingChristianteachings.

2.2ExaminingVerseJustificationsforProsperityGospel

SincetheNewTestamentjustificationisnotthefocusofthisdiscourse,itwillonlybe

examinedonacursorybasis.InthisparticularverseofCorinthiansitstates,“Foryouknowthe

graceofourLordJesusthatthoughhewasrich,yetforyoursakeshebecamepoor,thatyou

throughhispovertymightbecomerich”



Inthisargument,wealthwasnotbeingexpressedby

Paulintermsofhumanriches.Theliteralinterpretationofthispassageisnotwhatitwas

intendedtobebytheauthor.IntheOldTestament,similarexamplesofwealthykingsor

Christianswhohadgreatprosperityorthatwereledtothelandofmilkandhoneyareincidental

andnotsupposedtobealiteralfocusofthepassages.Focusingonsuchmattersisdiverting

attentionfromthemajorthemes.Childs,incitingIsaiah,explainedthatGod’sworkandpurpose

Rendtorff,R.TheCanonicalHebrewBible:ATheologyoftheOldTestament



(Leiden:Deo,2005).

2Corinthians8:9



Prosperity5

issuitedaccordingtohisowntimeandwill.



Thisproclamationisimportantforunderstanding

howtheOldTestamentoperates.Ratherthanbeingpredictableorconcernedwithmattersof

man,Godisonanotherplaneofexistence.FormentolinkGod’swillwithmattersofhuman

concernisessentiallyoverlookingthefactthattimeandwillaremattersforGodtodetermine

andnotman.WhileitwouldbeconvenientforGod’sfollowersonEarthtohaveprosperityand

wealth,thisdoesnotmeanthatitisGod’swillorplan.Inaddition,itdoesnotmeanthatif

wealthblessingswerepartofapreviousparadigmthattheyaresuitedtoanothertimeor

situation.Godknowswhatisbestformanbetterthanmanknowswhatisbestforhisown

existence.

ThereareavarietyofBiblicalversesthataretypicallycitedtojustifyprosperitygospels.

Whileonacursoryglanceorinanonconnectedcapacitytheseclaimsmayseemlegitimate,

uponfurtherevaluationtheyarenotofsufficientscopetobackprosperitygospelclaims.In

Genesis,forexample,itisstated,“AndIwillmakeoftheeagreatnation,andIwillblessthee,

andmakethynamegreat;andthoushaltbeablessing:AndIwillblessthemthatblessthee,and

cursethemthatcursethee:andintheeshallallthefamiliesoftheearthbeblessed.”



Whilethis

speaksofGod’sblessingsandforeshadowsagreatcivilizationforthepeopleofIsrael,itdoes

notspecificallyreferencehumanbasedmaterialwealth.BlessingsforfollowersofGodonEarth

couldbespiritualvitality,anincreasedunderstandingoftheirplaceintheuniverseorprosperity

inthehereafter.Thisverse,thoughfrequentlycited,isnotasoundjustificationforChristianity

beinglinkedtoguaranteedmaterialwealth.

Childs,B.S.OldTestamentTheologyinaCanonicalContext



(London:SCM,1985).38.

Genesis12:2,3



Prosperity6

InJob,afrequentlycitedversebyprosperitygospeladvocatesexplains,“Thoushaltalso

decreeathinganditshallbeestablisheduntothee:andthelightshallshineuponthyways.” 

WhilethisagainguaranteesGod’sblessings,itdoesnotstatehowthoseblessingswillbe

deliverednorwhentheywillbedelivered.WhenputintothecontextoftheBookofJob,the

readershouldunderstandthatJobhadenduredsomeofthemostharshhumanexperiencesthat

onecouldexperience.HadheforsakenGod,hissufferingwouldhaveactuallystopped.He

remainedsteadfastinhisloveforGoddespitehissufferingandacceptedGod’sdefinitionof

blessingandsalvation.Thereisnohumanwealthcomponenttothisparticulartale.Ifanything,

thisbookwouldbeafarbetterexampleofhowthehumanexperienceislinkedtosuffering

ratherthanprosperity.

Inregardstoprosperitygospels,Deuteronomyisanothertypicallycitedsource.Inthe

bookitstates,“ButthoushaltremembertheLordthyGod:foritishethatgiveththeepowerto

getwealth,thathemayestablishhiscovenantinwhichheswareuntothyfathers,asitisthis

day.”



Thisversedoesemploythetermwealth



,however,itdoesnotspecificallystateifthisis

wealthinthehumanorliteralsense.Wealthcanbeinterpreteddifferentlyfromoneindividualto

thenextanditmaynotmeanmaterialwealth.Evenifitwereagreeduponthatthisverseis

specificallyreferencingmaterialwealth,theverseactuallystatesthatGodhasonlygivenman

thepowertogetwealth.Underthisclause,mancangetwealth,butitdoesnotguaranteehewill

achieveitorbesuccessful.ThisstatementwouldbeakintothewordingoftheU.S.Declaration

ofIndependencethatsuggestspeopleareguaranteedLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappiness.

Itdoesnotstatethathappinesswillbeachieved.Godhasgivenmantheabilitytogetwealthand

Job22:28

Deuteronomy8:18



Prosperity7

hewillnotbepunishedforit,buttherearenolinksbetweenfollowingGod’swillandbeing

guaranteedhumanmaterialwealth.

Inamoreovertexampleofprosperitythroughhealth,itisstatedinDeuteronomy,“And

theLORDwilltakeawayfromyouallsickness,andwillafflictyouwithnoneoftheterrible

diseasesofEgyptwhichyouhaveknown,butwilllaythemonallthosewhohateyou."



While

thisdoesmakeastrongargumentforhealthguaranteedthroughtheLord’sblessings,itisfocal

onasingularsituationandnotageneralphenomenon.Inthisexample,Godisspeakingtothe

peopleofIsraelinregardstotheirsubjugationunderEgypt.ThisisaspecificsituationandGod’s

willcouldbedifferentunderanothersituation.FormodernChristians,thereisnoguaranteethat

God’sperspectivewouldbethesameasthesituationoftoday’sworldwouldbeverydifferent

fromthosepresentintheOldTestament.HowGodwouldclassifyblessingstodaycanonlybe

thesubjectofspeculationasthereisnodirectgospelspecifictoamoderneventinthesame

mannerthatthisverseisspecifictotheflightfromEgyptsituation.

Holistically,insomesituationsitistruethatGod’sblessingsdueincludematerialwealth

andabundanthealth.Inaddition,itistruethatGodhasgivenmanthefreewilltoachievewealth

throughearthlymeans.ThishasledBiblicalscholarslikeBruceBarrontoconcludethatthereis

somevaliditytoprosperitygospels.Barronbelievesthatprosperityteachingsaddresspartsofthe

Biblethathavebeentraditionallyoverlooked;however,healsobelievesthatthesamemovement

isalsofrequentlyembellishedbyhermeneuticalexcess.



Thoughmaterialwealthandhealthare

possiblethroughGod’sblessings,theyarenotguaranteedandbasedonGod’swillinagiven

timeandsituation,whetherornoteventhemostdevoutshouldbeprivytosuchearthlycomforts

Deuteronomy7:15.

Barron,Bruce.TheHealthandWealthGospel



(NewYork:IntervaristyPress,1987).



Prosperity8

canvarygreatly.

2.3ExploringSufferingAsPartoftheHumanExistence

AccordingtoPreuss,Encounteringpainwasandispartofhumanexistence.Humanscan

sufferbiologicallyandalsofromthewickednessofotherhumanslikeatyrannicalking.



Even

themostdevoutandprophetsthroughouttheOldTestamenthavenotbeensparedfrom

suffering.SomeoftheeventsthatGod’speopleintheOldTestamenthaveenduredwere

slavery,lossofproperty,beingpoorandselfblame.



Eachoftheseelementscanbeconsidereda

formofsufferingand/orpainandtheyaredenotedinAmos,Micah,IsaiahandJob.



Thispain

doesnotmeanthatthepeoplewhoenduredsuchelementswerenotchildrenofGod,itsimply

meansthattheirsalvationwasnotdenotedinearthlydesignations.ThisisreflectedinPsalms,

“Yourgraceisbetterthanlife.”



Inthiscapacity,God’sgraceisthereward,thebyproductsof

thatgraceareconsequentialandshouldnotbethefocus.InGod’sgracethereisstillpainand

sufferingdespitetheultimaterewardofsalvation.Stenhammarreferstotheprosperitygospel

propensityforignoringthiselementbyexplaining,

ACommoncriticismvoicedattheprosperitygospelisthatitturnsGodintoavending

machine;putfaithor‘seedmoney’inandoutcomestheblessingyouwant. Eventhough

prosperitypreachersvehementlyopposesuchcriticismitisinfacthowGodbecomes. (e.g.

sowingandreapingandthemouth’sconfessionorpositiveconfession).Ifwelearn howto

practicetheselawswewillgetaccessto“lifemoreabundantly.”Thereis thereforeagreat

emphasisonstudyingandlearningtheseprinciplesaslackofknowledge isthemainreason

whyChristiansarestuckinpovertymentality,itissaid. 



Theultimatedownfallofthisprocessisthatitputshumanbeingsatthecenteroftheology. 

Preuss,H.D.OldTestamentTheology:Vol2



(Edinburgh:T&TClark,1995).

Ibid.

Amos2:6,Micah2:2;Isa.5:8&Job1:1320.

Psalms63:4.

Stenhammar,M.“ThePovertyoftheProsperityGospel.”75.

Ibid.



Prosperity9

Inadditiontosufferingandpain,thereisalsothehumanconnotationofnot

understandingthedifferencebetweensufferingandprosperityinsomesituations.Essentially,

thereareexamplesofGod’swillthatwouldappeartobeproblematicfromahumanperspective

butthatareactualblessingsordivinelyinspiredeventswhenputintothecontextofGod’splan.

OnesuchexamplewouldbetherelationshipbetweenSaraiandAbram.Saraiisunabletohave

childrenofherown.Thisdesignationisnotapunishmentoranintendedsuffering,butatestto

seehowthetwohumanslivewithinGod’sgrace.RatherthanblamingGodorsuggestingthatthe

creatorhasforsakenher,sheacceptshisjudgementandinsteadseekstohelpouthismasterplan.

Sheexplained,“Pleasegotomymaid:perhapsIwillobtainchildrenthroughher.”



Ratherthan

questioningGod,thehumansdecidetoworkwithinhisdesignatedframework.AcceptingGod’s

willispartofbeingaChristian.AssigninghowGod’swillshouldmanifestinhuman

interpretations,whichisthecenterofprosperitygospel,iserroneousandbeingnegligentofthese

typesofcircumstances.HumanbeingswillsufferandlifeonEarthcanbeastruggle.Faith,

however,isalsoastruggleanditwillbetestedthroughoutthelivesofhumans.Ifsimplypraying

gaveahumanbeingeverythinginwhichtheydesired,therewouldbenotestsoffaithand

glorifyingGodwouldbeaneasytaskasitwouldbebasedondesireforrewardsratherthantruly

piouslove.

2.4BiblicalRefutationofProsperityGospel

ThereareavarietyofversesthroughouttheOldTestamentthatexpressthatmanwill

enduresuffering.Forthishowever,itisGodthatistheanswerratherthantheanswerbeing

expressedinmaterialorearthlyprosperity.Thesalvation,oranswerheprovides,however,isnot

Genesis16:2.



Prosperity10

somethingassimpleasriches.InseeingtheLordasthesolutiontoinevitablesuffering,Psalms

hasavarietyofrelevantverses.Forexample,Psalmsstates,“TheLORDisarefugeforthe

oppressed,astrongholdintimesoftrouble.”



Inaddition,thebooksstates,“TheLORDismy

rock,myfortressandmydeliverer;myGodismyrock,inwhomItakerefuge.Heismyshield

andthehornofmysalvation,mystronghold.”



Takingrefugeinanythingotherthanthelord,

likewealthorprosperity,wouldbeproblematicoratleastpotentiallyleadingthepersonastray

fromthetruenatureofGod.Psalmscontinues,“Forhehasnotdespisedordisdainedthe

sufferingoftheafflictedone;hehasnothiddenhisfacefromhimbuthaslistenedtohiscryfor

help.”



ThisverseisimportantbecauseitexplainsthatsufferingonEarthisnotnecessarily

punishmentfromGodoranexampleofwhathappenstopeoplewhentheydonotfollowthe

wordofGod.Goddoesnotlikesuffering,astheversestates;however,itispartofthehuman

experienceasaresultoftheoriginalsinthatwasestablishedintheGardenofEden.Godhad

givenmanparadise,however,mandisobeyedGodandthepresentrulesoftheuniversearestill

establishedfromthissituationinwhichman’sactionswerethecatalyst.

Whileearthlysufferingwilloccur,theonlywayinwhichtoavoideternalsufferingis

throughfollowingGod’sword.Psalmsalsohighlightsthisfactor,“Weepingmayremainfora

night,butrejoicingcomesinthemorning.”



Themorningrejoiceisareferencetohowsuffering

willbetemporaryifapersonfollowsthewordofGod.Thistemporarybutinevitablestateof

sufferingisexplainedingreaterdetailinPsalms71,“Thoughyouhavemademeseetroubles,

manyandbitter,youwillrestoremylifeagain;fromthedepthsoftheearthyouwillagainbring

Psalm9:9

Ibid18:2

Ibid.22:24

Psalm30:5



Prosperity11

meup.Youwillincreasemyhonorandcomfortmeonceagain.”



Thisversedenotesaclear

processbetweensufferingandsalvation.SalvationinanEarthlystate,however,isnottheendof

suffering.Forexample,thoughprosperitygospelmaypointatsufferingasatemporary

phenomenonuntilGodrewardssalvationthroughprosperity,sufferingonEarthisnot

necessarilyaonetimeexperience.ThisprocessisalsoreferredtoinLamentations,“Formenare

notcastoffbytheLordforever.Thoughhebringsgrief,hewillshowcompassion,sogreatishis

unfailinglove.Forhedoesnotwillinglybringafflictionorgrieftothechildrenofmen.”



Itis

notGod’snaturetocreategriefandsuffering,however,itisanacknowledgedpartofthehuman

experience.Thedegreeofthatsufferingcanvarygreatlyfromonepersontothenextandthishas

nobearingontheperson’sdevoutness.

AsPsalm71highlighted,thepersonhadseenmanytroublesandthoughGodrestores

life,thosetroubleswillcontinuesolongasthepersonisinthehumanstateoftheirexistence.

ThetruesalvationofChristianityiswhatliesbeyondthehumancondition.Salvation,therefore,

cannottrulybefoundonanEarthlyparadise.InIsaiahitisstated,“Hewillswallowupdeath

forever.ThesovereignLordwillwipeawaythetearsfromallfaces;hewillremovethedisgrace

ofhispeoplefromalltheearth.TheLORDhasspoken.”



Deliveryfromsufferingisthestateof

eternallifeinGod’sgloryratherthanwithinhumanrewardstructure.

3.0Conclusions

Prosperitygospelsareapredictablepartofscripturalinterpretation.Essentially,

prosperitygospelstakesmallamountsofinformationfromtheBibleandputsthemwithinthe

veryhumancontextanddesireforcomfort.Humancomfortinthemodernworldgenerally

Pslam71:2021

Lamentations3:3133

Isaiah25:8



Prosperity12

comesfromhealth,freedomandwealth.TheOldTestamentdoesnotprovidescriptural

guaranteesthatanyofthesethingswilloccurduringone’stimeontheplanetifhe/shefollows

thewordofGod.WhatGoddoesguarantee,however,issalvationandseriesoflifeeventsthat

willultimatelytestanindividual'sfaithatonepointoranother.EventheprophetMoseshada

momentoflostfaithwhenhewasleadingtheIsraelitesfromthePharaoh.Men,evenprophets,

arefallibleandlifewillproducesomedegreesofsuffering.TheOldTestamentpoignantly

assertsthesenotions,however,itdoesnotprovidesufficientevidencetojustifyprosperity

gospels.



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Barron,Bruce.TheHealthandWealthGospel

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Brueggeman,W.TheologyoftheOldTestament(

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